Nutrition Flashcards
What % of carbohydrates is typically in the diet?
80%
List 3 primary roles of carbohydrates:
- Supply body with energy
- Maintain blood glucose levels
- To burn fat for fuel
List 3 primary roles of fats and oils (lipids) in the body:
- Insulates against the cold
- Provide cell structure
- Carry fat soluble vitamins i.e. A, D, E, K
What is largest category structure of lipids and where are they stored?
Triglycerides which are stored in adipose tissue
What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Which are more damaging to the body and why?
Unsaturated fatty acids contain a C=C bond and saturated do not
Saturated are more damaging as they raise blood cholesterol levels and associated with hypertension
What are the main functions of protein?
For growth, maintenance and repair
How many common amino acids are there?
20
What are the 3 primary functions of water soluble vitamins?
- Energy metabolism
- Production of ATP
- Cell function
What are 3 functions of fat soluble vitamins?
- Formation of epithelium, skin and mucosa
- Bone formation
- Synthesis of prothrombin
What do vitamins NOT provide?
Vitamins do not provide energy
What are 3 functions of minerals?
- Muscle contractions
- Water balance
- Protein synthesis
What % of the body is made up of water?
60%
What is the recommend daily kcal intake of an adult per day?
Women: 2,000 kcal
Men: 2,500 kcal
What vitamin assists in the formation of epithelium and what patients should have a diet rich in this?
Vitamin A - periodontal patients
Give the 3 different ways in which probiotics work:
- With direct interaction, the probiotics can interact directly with pathogenic bacteria making it hard for disease to occur
- The beneficial bacteria fights the disease by establishing microorganisms for nourishment
- Harmonization of the host immune response
