Nutrition Flashcards
(67 cards)
3 macronutrients
Carbohydrates（碳水化合物）, proteins, lipids
MyPlate includes?
Fruits, grains, veggies, protein, and dairy
Carbohydrates main uses?
- Primary energy source for the body
- Energy for muscle and organ functions
- Sugars!
- Increase insulin secretion
What happens when glycogen （糖原） level decreases in the body?
Protein becomes the main source of energy, and while it’s doing this, it can’t do its primary function
Proteins main uses?
Tissue building
What do macronutrients do?
Supply energy for the body
What do micronutrients do?
Help manufacture, maintain, and repair cells
Can body make vitamins?
No
What do vitamins do?
Build and maintain tissues, support immune system, ensure good vision, help body break down and use energy in carbs, proteins, and lipids.
What is calorie imbalance?
Calorie in not equal to calorie out
Undernourished
Too few calories/nutrients
What does too many calories lead to?
Obesity
What is Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)（基础代谢率）?
Amount of energy required when at rest
Total energy needs:
Replacing calories used for BMR and physical activities
Relationship between temp and BMR?
Temp increases 1°F, BMR increases 7%.
When cold outside, BMR increases b/c body trying to produce heat
DASH diet?
To reduce hypertension.
low in salt and rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, and lean protein（瘦肉蛋白）
What is linked to iron deficiency?
Low vitamin C b/c they help bind to each other.
Low vitamin C can be caused by oral contraceptives, smoke, etc.
What can caffeine cause?
Bone loss, but can add milk to coffee to prevent that, not sure about energy drinks
High dose of caffeine can cause?
Upset stomach and anxiety
Low hemoglobin means?
Inadequate iron intake and chronic blood volume loss
What does blood glucose indicate?
Amount of fuel available for cellular energy.
Higher level than normal triggers the release of insulin, which causes glucose to move into body cells and store in the liver and muscle.
Lower level than normal triggers the release of glucagon, leads to the release of glucose from storage.
Serum albumin （血清白蛋白） indicates?
Indicates protein stores.
Synthesized in the liver.
60% of total body protein.
Low levels b/c of malnutrition, malabsorption, acute and chronic liver disease, and repeated loss of protein through burns, wounds, etc.
Half-life: 18-21 days.
Not the most accurate measure b/c it’s affected by fluid status.
Prealbumin（前白蛋白）
Fluctuates daily, so it’s considered a better marker for acute changes in nutritional status.
Creatinine（肌酐）
Indicates renal function.
Increased levels may indicate impaired kidney function or loss of muscle mass.
