Nutrition

Question 1

What guide is used to promote a balanced diet in the UK?

Answer 1

Eatwell Guide

Question 2

Name the 6 components of the Eatwell Guide

Answer 2

5-a-day fruit & veg, higher-fibre starchy foods, dairy or alternatives, Eat beans/pulses/fish/protein, eat unsaturated oils in small amounts, drink 6-8 glasses per day

Question 3

What kinds of fats should be limited in diet?

Answer 3

Saturated fats

Question 4

Condition linked to high sugar intake

Answer 4

Alzheimer’s

Question 5

What tool is recommended by NICE for nutritional screening?

Answer 5

MUST (Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool)

Question 6

What does MUST include?

Answer 6

Weight, height, past weight (3–6 months), unplanned weight loss, acute disease effect

Question 7

Which nutritional assessment is often used in care homes?

Answer 7

Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)

Question 8

Why is BMI alone not reliable in older adults?

Answer 8

May be raised despite poor nutritional status

Question 9

When is unplanned weight loss clinically significant?

Answer 9

> 5% in 1 month or >10% in 6 months

Question 10

What BMI indicates malnutrition risk in those over 65?

Answer 10

<20

Question 11

Who should be screened for malnutrition?

Answer 11

Fatigue, poor appetite, taste changes, dysphagia, bowel changes, prolonged illness, falls, sarcopenia

Question 12

List 4 causes of malnutrition in older adults

Answer 12

Poor diet, appetite loss (acute illness), dementia, depression

Question 13

Name 3 GI-related causes of malnutrition

Answer 13

Chronic diarrhoea, pancreatic insufficiency, IBD

Question 14

Name 2 lifestyle-related causes of malnutrition

Answer 14

Limited finances, alcohol use

Question 15

First step in managing malnutrition

Answer 15

Treat underlying cause

Question 16

What should be done in medium-risk malnutrition?

Answer 16

3-day food chart, weekly (hospital) or monthly (community) screening

Question 17

What should be done in high-risk malnutrition (not end-of-life)

Answer 17

Refer to dietitian, set intake goals, monitor weekly/monthly

Question 18

What is feeding at risk

Answer 18

Continues to eat and drink despite risk of aspiration
Quality of life is highest priority

Question 19

When is feeding at risk used

Answer 19

1. advanced stage of illness
2. swallow safety not likely to improve
3. tube feeding declines or not appropriate

Question 20

Consistency of food/drink when feeding at risk

Answer 20

• Foods
  7. Regular
  6. Soft & bite-sized
  5. Minced and moist
  4. Pureed
  3. Liquidised
• Drinks
  4. Extremely thick
  3. Moderately thick
  2. Mildly thick
  1. Slightly thick
  0. Thin