Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Swine Production Exam 2 > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

(64 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Feed costs make up ________ of total production costs.

A

Almost 75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name the 10 factors that affect nutrition.

A
  1. Breed
  2. Gender
  3. Age
  4. Weight
  5. Health status
  6. Temperature/Weather
  7. Housing
  8. Availability of nutrients
  9. Limit or ad lib feeding
  10. Feed processing methods
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of digestive system do pigs have?

A

Monogastric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pigs have a _____ energy-_____ fiber diet.

A

High energy-low fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Labeled digestive tract of a pig.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The swine stomach:

A
  • Has a pH of about 2 (Acidic)
  • Can hold about 2 gallons
  • Stores and moves feed and secretes gastric juices
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is “green bacon”?

A

Unsmoked bacon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The swine small intestine:

A
  • 60 feet; 2.5 gallons
  • Duodenum - secretions from pancreas, liver and intestinal walls, digestion
  • Jejunum & Ileum - site of nutrient absorption (chitlins)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The swine large intestine:

A
  • 17 feet; 2.5 gallons
  • Cecum, colon and rectum
  • Water absorption, stores undigested material, some bacterial fermentation, limited nutrient absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Maintenance Requirements

  • We want this especially during gestation
A
  • Maintain temperature
  • Vital body processes (defecating, breathing, digesting, etc.)
  • Minimal movement
  • Repair damaged cells and tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

_______ and _______ supply most of the pig’s caloric needs.

A

Carbohydrates and Lipids (fats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Carbohydrates: Examples in diet and source

A

Source of heat and energy

Extra converted to fat

Generally cereal grains: Corn, wheat, barley and cereal grain by-products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Lipids contain ____ the amount of energy as carbohydrates.

A

2.25 X

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which carbohydrate source provides most of the caloric need?

A

Corn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of lipids in diet

A

Lard, choice white grease, beef tallow, corn oil and soybean oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lipids are used to _____ energy density of diets.

A

Increase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens when you feed a pig too much fat?

A

Pig gets fat, which causes it’s meat and fat to get softer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If there is a deficiency in linoleic acid, what can occur?

A
  1. Dermatitis
  2. Reduced growth
  3. Water retention
  4. Impaired reproductive functions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Protein needed for…

A

Maintenance, growth and reproduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Crude protein requirements for: Boars

A

14-16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Crude protein requirements for: Gestating Sows

A

12-14%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Crude protein requirements for: Lactating Sows

A

13-16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Crude protein requirements for: Nursing Pigs

A

20-24%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Crude protein requirements for: Grow-finish pigs

A

12-16%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Name the required AAs in a swine diet.
1. Lysine 2. Methionine 3. Arginine 4. Histidine 5. Tryptophan 6. Valine 7. Phenylalanine 8. Isoleucine 9. Threonine 10. Leucine
26
Methionine levels are most important in?
Nursing (young) pig diets
27
Which is the limiting AA in pigs? (First one to be deficient in a diet)
Lysine
28
Lysine has higher requirements for:
* Growing pigs * Boars and gilts * High lean pigs * Hot temperatures
29
Which would require more lysine? 80 lb gilt vs. 80 lb barrow 80% lean vs. 20% lean 5º barn vs. 90º barn
80 lb gilt 80% lean 90º barn
30
Deficiency of one or more AAs results in:
Depressed growth rate Poor feed conversion Un-thriftiness Reduced reproductive performance (Ex: Goose-walking, hunched over)
31
Animal protein sources
Tankage (parts not used in slaughterhouses that are then cooked) Meat and bone meal Fish meal (Most likely used in swine diet) Dried skim milk ($$)
32
Plant protein sources (Most protein in swine diet comes from plants)
**\*Soybean meal\*** Cottonseed meal Corn gluten meal
33
Minerals and Vitamins have been added routinely to swine diets since the 1980's. Why?
Around the time swine moved inside (confinement housing). No access to minerals and vitamins from concrete as there was with soil.
34
Some of the reasons mineral and vitamin additives were needed in the swine diet after the 1980's?
* Denied access to crops and soil * No coprophagy * Reduced multiple protein sources * Fed intake limited during gestation * Early weaning
35
Of all livestock, swine are the most likely to suffer from \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Mineral deficiences
36
Why are swine most prone to mineral deficiencies?
* Primarily fed cereal grains * Skeleton supports a greater weight in proportion to size * Reproduce at a younger age * Indoor rearing
37
What are the 13 inorganic elements required in swine diets?
1. Calcium 2. Chlorine 3. Copper 4. Iodine 5. Iron 6. Magnesium 7. Manganese 8. Phosphorus 9. Potassium 10. Selenium 11. Sodium 12. Sulfur 13. Zinc
38
What is considered a good Calcium to Phosphorus ratio?
2:1
39
What do we use for supplemental calcium?
Limestone and oyster shells
40
What do we use for phosphorus?
* Dicalcium and Monocalcium Phosphate * Supplemental Phytase enzymes: aims to improve availability of phosphorus in corn and SBM
41
What about salt?
- Must be added to ALL diets - Grains and plant protein supplements are low in both sodium and chloride.
42
Vitamins are required for...
* Metabolic function * Development of tissues * Growth * Maintenance
43
Some vitamins are produced with a pig's body in sufficient quantities to meet needs, others...
Are present in adequate amounts in feed -Several are added for optimal performance
44
Fat soluble vitamins supplemented (stored in fat, last longer) include:
A D E K
45
Water soluble vitamins supplemented (cannot have too much, passes through system) include:
Niacin Pantothenic acid Riboflavin Vitamin B12
46
Vitamin A
\*Supplement - not found in corn, SBM * Vision, reproduction, growth, secretion * Stored in liver
47
If deficient in vitamin A...
* Uncoordinated movement * Loss of hind leg control * Weakness of back
48
Vitamin D
\*Much more likely to be deficient * Absorption of C and P
49
If deficient in vitamin D...
* Stiffness * Lameness * Enlarged joints * Broken bones (in severe cases)
50
Vitamin E
Protects unsaturated fat against oxidation (to prevent odd flavors in meat)
51
Vitamin K
Blood clotting
52
If deficient in vitamin K...
* Hemorrhage * Slow growth * Hyperirritability
53
Water is...
The most essential and cheapest of all nutrients
54
What % of body weight of newborn pigs is water?
80%
55
What % of body weight of market hogs is water?
50%
56
When pigs are deprived of water...
* Reduces feed consumption (feed is dry) * Limits growth * Limits feed efficiency * Reduces milk production
57
Water's role in physiological functions:
* Temperature regulation * Transport of nutrients and wastes * Metabolic processes * Milk production
58
Water is a carrier for...
* Dewormers * Antibiotics * Vaccines
59
Water consumption for: Non-gestating sow and gestating sow
6 gallons/day
60
Water consumption for: Lactating sow
8 gallons/day
61
Water consumption for: Nursery pig
1 gallon/day
62
Water consumption for: Finishing pig (40-120lb)
3 gallons/day
63
Water consumption for: Finishing pig (120-300lb)
4 gallons/day
64
Water consumption for: Boar
8 gallons/day

Swine Production Exam 2 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions