Reproductive Anatomy and Estrus

Question 1

Major male functions

Answer 1

• Produces sperm
• Introduces sperm into female repro trac

Question 2

Testes

Answer 2

Production of sperm and testosterone

Question 3

List the protecting and supporting structures:

Answer 3

• Scrotum
• Cremaster and tunica dartos muscles
• Spermatic chord

Question 4

Secondary sex organs

Answer 4

Ducts that carry sperm out of testes and body

• Epididymis
• Vas deferens
• Urethra
• Penis

Question 5

Accessory sex glands (3)

-Add fluid to semen

Answer 5

• Bulbourethral glands
• Seminal vesicles
• Prostate gland

Question 6

Seminal vesicles:

Answer 6

Secrete fluid, energy substrates and buffers (prevent death in female repro tract)

Question 7

Bulbourethral glands

Answer 7

Produce gel - forms a plug in female repro tract

1.5in in diameter

Question 8

Prostate gland

Answer 8

Hot dog bun around urethra

• Fluid + salts to semen
• Provides most of the medium for transport

Question 9

Rete testis

Answer 9

Collecting ducts for sperm

Question 10

Spermatogenesis

Answer 10

FSH stimulates sperm production

Question 11

Seminiferous tubule

Answer 11

Sperm formation

Question 12

Cauda epididymis

Answer 12

Warehouse for sperm

Question 13

Sperm maturation is approx. ___ days.

Answer 13

35

Question 14

When penis is not stimulated,

Answer 14

• Retractor penis muscle is contracted and forms “s” shape
• long penis inside body
• prevents extension out of prepuce

Question 15

When penis is stimulated,

Answer 15

• Retractor penis muscle is relaxed and “s” bend unfolds and penis extends

Question 16

Fibroelastic penis

Answer 16

• During ejaculation, the penis twists and the free end forms a corkscrew shape
• Matches pattern of cervix

Question 17

Boars ejaculate ________ml in volume.

Answer 17

150-250ml

Question 18

Boars have a unique ______

Answer 18

Preputial pouch or diverticulum

*Accumulates urine and sloughed cells

*Odor

Question 19

Ovaries

Answer 19

• Production of ova and hormones
• Estrogen
• Progesterone
• Relaxin
• Inhibin
• Activin

Question 20

Gilts reach maturity at ______ months of age.

Answer 20

5-7

Question 21

Oviduct

Answer 21

• Infundibulum —> catches follicles
• Ampulla
• Isthmus: ampulla isthmus junction = fertilization

Question 22

Uterus

Answer 22

• Bicornate
• Horns: 4-5 feet long (site of implantation)
• Body: 2 inches

Question 23

Cervix

Answer 23

• Site of semen deposition
• Prevents microbial contamination of uterus
• Vagina: vestibule to the tract

Question 24

Estrous cycle

Answer 24

21 day cycle

Question 25

Estrus "heat"

Answer 25

18--24 hours \*Older sows remain in heat longer than gilts

Question 26

As estrus approaches ______ follicles form on each ovary.

Answer 26

6-10

Question 27

The onset of estrus occurs...

Answer 27

Gradually

Question 28

7 Signs of estrus

Answer 28

Gilts and sows generally exhibit clear signs: * _Standing heat_: gilts and sows will stand immobile when pressure is placed on their back if in estrus * This can be standing for a boar to mount * Or standing for "**back pressure test**" * Red, swollen vulva, increased vaginal mucous * Increased nervous activity (pacing, biting at bars) * Desire to seek boar * Loss of appetite * Male-like behavior * Change in vocalization

Question 29

Boar + Back Pressure Stimulation, what % of estrus sows standing?

Answer 29

97%

Question 30

Boar (hidden) + Back Pressure Stimulation, what % of estrus sows standing?

Answer 30

90%

Question 31

No Boar + Back Pressure Stimulation, what % of estrus sows standing?

Answer 31

48%

Question 32

Boar "courting sounds" + Back Pressure Stimulation, what % of estrus sows standing?

Answer 32

75%

Question 33

Caput

Answer 33

Sperm become fertile

Question 34

corpus

Answer 34

Storage of sperm

Question 35

collected semen is evaluated for...

Answer 35

volume concerntration morality morphology

Question 36

feeding boars for reproductive success (4)

Answer 36

- minimize mature body weight - low protien levels and overfeeding can significatly reduce libdo - over - condition reduces the ability to mount - 14% crude protein

Question 37

Zinc in boars

Answer 37

testicular function and growth

Question 38

vitamin E and Selenium

Answer 38

Sperm concentration and fertility

Question 39

Vitamin C in boars

Answer 39

aids in offsetting the adverse affects of heat and stress (over 88 degrees)

Question 40

omega 3- fatty acids in boars

Answer 40

improves semen characterisitics

Question 41

epididymis

Answer 41

transport sperm from the seminiferous touble to the vas deferens

Question 42

vas deferens

Answer 42

transport sperm from epididymis to urethra

Question 43

urethra

Answer 43

transports sperm (+urine) out of the body