Nutrition

Question 1

three components of daily energy expenditure (DEE)

Answer 1

basal metabolic rate/resting metabolic rate, physical activity, and energy to process food

Question 2

represents 50-70% of tot energy expenditure in a sedentary individual

Answer 2

basal metabolic rate/resting metabolic rate

Question 3

kCal/day for adult male and female

Answer 3

male - 1800kCal per day

female - 1300 kCal per day

Question 4

factors affecting resting metabolic rate

Answer 4

gender, body temp, environmental temp, thyroid function, pregnancy and lactation, age

Question 5

energy in diet provided by what nutrients

Answer 5

fat, protein, carbs, and ethanol (if consumed)

these are all macronutrients

Question 6

carbs are classified as…

Answer 6

monosaccharides (glucose and fructose)
disaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose)
polysaccharides (starch, potatoes, wheat)

Question 7

what does the glycemic index do

Answer 7

quantitate the time course of rise and decline of blood glucose after a meal

Question 8

reasonable amount of fiber that should be taken per day

Answer 8

20-38g/ day

Question 9

benefits of fiber

Answer 9

adds bulk to diet, decreases constipation, decreases absorption of toxic compounds and carcinogen, draws water into intestine

Question 10

90% of total dietary lipid

Answer 10

TAGs

Question 11

importance of fat

Answer 11

supply essential FA, needed for absorption of fat soluble vitamins, increase palatability of food and provide satiety

Question 12

fats that you should avoid

Answer 12

trans fatty acids

Question 13

TAGs from plants have more unsaturated FA than those from animals with exceptions of

Answer 13

coconut oil and palm oil

Question 14

deficiency of essential FA (linoleic and alpha linolenic acid) are characterized by

Answer 14

scaly dermatitis, hair loss, poor wound healing

deficiencies in these essential FA are rare

Question 15

how does one reduce their fat intake to 30% of calories recommended

Answer 15

by decreasing saturated fats while increasing mono-unsaturated or poly unsaturated FA

Question 16

where is it most important to reduce cholesterol

Answer 16

in the serum because dietary cholesterol doesn’t have such high effects on serum cholesterol

Question 17

difference between getting protein from animals and from plants

Answer 17

you get all the essential amino acids you need from animals but from plants, you’ll need supplements to make up for the missing amino acids

Question 18

proteins from animal sources

Answer 18

meats, poultry, milk, fish

Question 19

how do you keep a nitrogen balance in the body

Answer 19

nitrogen intake = nitrogen excretion

Question 20

how does one have a positive nitrogen balance

Answer 20

when N intake > N excretion due to pregnancy, recovery from trauma or surgery, growing child

Question 21

how does one have a negative nitrogen balance

Answer 21

when N intake < N excretion due to inadequate dietary protein, lack of essential amino acids, trauma, burns, illness, surgery

Question 22

major corporate of vascular disease

Answer 22

serum cholesterol

Question 23

how does one reduce serum cholesterol

Answer 23

reduce saturated FA (replace it with monounsaturated FA or polysaturated FA) and prescribe statins

Question 24

long term hormonal regulators of appetite and energy expenditure

Answer 24

leptin and insulin

Question 25

leptin is produced proportionally to

Answer 25

fat cell density

Question 26

short term regulators of appetite and energy expenditre

Answer 26

Ghrelin and cholecystokinin (CCK)

Question 27

resting metabolic rate (RMR) is calculated by

Answer 27

1kCal/hour/kg

Question 28

percentages you add to RMR if person is sedentary, moderate, active

Answer 28

sedentary - 30%
moderate - 60 to 70%
active - 100%

Question 29

hormone produced by adipose tissue and reduces appetite

Answer 29

leptin

Question 30

energy contribution of carbs, protein, fat, alcohol

Answer 30

carbs - 4kcal/g
protein - 4kcal/g
fat - 9kcal/g
alcohol - 7kcal/g

Question 31

symptoms of hypervitaminosis A

Answer 31

spontaneous abortion and dry peeling skin