NUTRITION 5,6,7 and 8 Flashcards by Molly Donatella Balaguer Hidalgo

Q

Define:

Digestive System

A

The digestive system takes in and breaks down foods and its nutrients so they can be absorbed by cells

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Q

Define:

Digestion

A

Digestion is the mechanical and chemical process by which foods are converted into nutrients that can be absorbed by cells

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Q

Digestive glands are structures that secrete…

A

Digestive juices

Digestive juices contain enzymes that act chemically to break down compl

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Q

List the 5 Digestive Glands

A

1.Salivary Glands
2.Gastric Glands
3.Intestinal Glands
4.Pancreas
5.Liver

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Q

Say where they are found and what they secrete

Salivary Glands

A

Found in mouth, secretes saliva

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Q

Say where they are found and what they secrete

Gastric Glands

A

Found in stomach, secrete gastric juice

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Q

Say where they are found and what they secrete

Intestinal Glands

A

Found in intestine, secrete intestinal juice

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Q

Say where they are found and what they secrete

Pancreas

A

Found in duodenum, secrete pancreatic juice

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Q

Say where they are found and what they secrete

Liver

A

Found in liver, secrete bile

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Q

Define

Intestinal Absorption

A

Intestinal absorption is the process through which nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream through the lining of the intestines

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Q

What substances do the Small/Large Intestine absorb

A

Small Intestine absorbs organic nutrients,minerals and water
Large intestine absorbs minerals, water and some vitamins

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Q

Define:

Respiratory System

A

The Respiratory System obtains O2 from the air to the blood and releases Co2

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Q

Define:

Respiration

A

Respiration is the process by which O2 in the air is transferred to the blood and Co2 is released to the air

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Q

Define:

Circulatory System

A

The Circulatory System is in charge of transporting nutrients to all the cells in the body and removing their metabollic waster

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Q

What 2 elements is blood made of?

A

Blood plasma and Blood cells

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Q

Define

Blood Plasma

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A

Blood plasma is a yellowish aqueous solution that contains nutrients and waste products, but no O2

Q

Name the 3 types of blood cells

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A

1.Red Blood Cells (ERYTHROCYTES)
2.White Blood Cells (LEUKOCYTES)
3.Platelets (THROMBOCYTES)

Q

What is the function of the red blood cells (erythrocytes) ?

They…

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A

They transport O2 thanks to the iron- rich protein hemoglobin, this is also why blood is red

Q

What is the function of white blood cells (leukocytes) ?

They…

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A

They response to infections

Q

What is the function of platelets (thrombocytes) ?

They…

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A

They stop bleeding, blood clotting

Q

Where are blood cells originally produced?

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A

Bone Marrow

Q

What are the 3 types of vessels?

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A

Arteries, Veins and Capillaries

Q

Say the function for each of the 3 vessels

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A

Arteries carry O2 from the heart to the body
Veins carry Co2 from the body to the heart
Capillaries act as roots for the exchange of substances

Q

Define:

Heart

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A

The heart is a muscular organ that mantains the circulation of blood by pumping it

# Define: Urinary System

The Urinary System eliminates the excess of salts in the body and regulates the level of water

Name the 3 other organs/systems responsible for mantaining homeostasis in the body

1.Skin, eliminates mineral salts by sweating 2. Respiratory System, eliminates water through evaporation when exhaling 3.Large Intestine, absorbs water and minerals from undigested food