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Biology Unit 2 AS > Nutrition > Flashcards

Flashcards in Nutrition Deck (20)
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1
Q

What is a heterotroph

A

Organisms that obtain nutrition from complex organic molecules

2
Q

What are the two types of autotrophs

A

Chemoautotrophs and photoautotrophs

3
Q

What is holozoic nutrition

A

Consume complex organic molecules and break them down in the gut with a specialised digestive system - includes nearly all animals

4
Q

What is a saprophytes

A

Use dead organic material for their food, they carry out extra cellular digestion to obtain nutrition from dead organic matter that is from dead organisms and animal waste

5
Q

What is an autotroph

A

Organisms that synthesise complex organic molecules from simple inorganic molecules using a source of energy

6
Q

Plants are autotrophs

A

They convert co2 and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy during photosynthesis
Known as photo autotrophs as light is their source of energy

7
Q

Bacteria are autotrophs

A

They obtain their energy from exergonic Chemical reactions called chemoautotrophs

8
Q

Why must food be digested

A

Because the molecules are insoluble and too big to cross the membranes to be absorbed by the blood
Polymers so need to be converted to monkmkers so they can be rebuilt into molecules required by the body

9
Q

How does food move along the gut

A

By peristalsis the involuntary contractions of the gut wall

10
Q

What is ingestion

A

When food enters the most via the buccal cavity (mouth)

11
Q

What is digestion

A

The breakdown of large insoluble molecules to small soluble molecules ready to be absorbed into the blood

12
Q

What is mechanical digestion

A

Cutting and crushing of ingested food using teeth and peristalsis of the gut wall

13
Q

What is chemical digestion

A

Secretion of digestive enzymes to convert large to small

14
Q

What is absorption

A

The passage of small soluble molecules and ions through the gut wall into the blood

15
Q

What is egestiob

A

The elimination of undivested material via the Anus

16
Q

What enzyme breaks down lipids

A

Lipase

17
Q

Where is lipase found

A

In pancreatic juice

18
Q

What breaks down proteins

A

Endopeptidase - hydrolyse peptide bonds within the polypeptide chain to produce shorter polypeptide chains
Exopeptidase hydrolyse the terminal bonds at the end of the polypeptide chain

19
Q

What enzyme breaks down starch into maltose

A

Amylase

20
Q

What enzyme breaks down maltose into glucose

A

Maltase