nutrition

Question 1

pathway of food

Answer 1

oropharynx (reduces food to boluses)
esophagus (no longer voluntary control, delivers to digestive tract)
stomach 
small intestine 
large intestine

Question 2

lower esophageal sphincter

Answer 2

prevents reflux of gastric contents into esophagus

Question 3

liver

Answer 3

blood from the gut flows here and the absorbable products undergo metabolism before being distributed to meet the needs of the body

Question 4

pancreas

Answer 4

secretes enzymes that digest proteins fats and carbs

Question 5

gastin

Answer 5

digestion of food

Necessary for normal growth of the lining of the stomach, small intestine, and colon

Question 6

secretin

Answer 6

Secreted in the duodenum
Causes the pancreas to send out digestive juices
Stimulates the stomach to produce pepsin, an enzyme that digests protein
Stimulates the liver to produce bile
Regulates water homeostasis

Question 7

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer 7

Secreted in the duodenum
Causes the pancreas release digestive enzyme and for the GB to release bile
Signals the gallbladder to empty
Acts as a hunger suppressant

Question 8

dietary goals for adults

Answer 8

modify appropriate cardiac risk factors
assess for malnutrition
achieve healthy weight

Question 9

cardiac risk factors

Answer 9

Dyslipidemia
diabetes
obesity
decreased physical activity

Question 10

Nutrition Assessment Tools

Answer 10

Obtain relevant laboratory and anthropometric data
Determine what prior attempts to change diet
Identify components of diet
Identify psychosocial issues

Question 11

BMI

Answer 11

18.5 and under is underweight
25-29 overweight
30 to 35 obese

Question 12

morbid obesity

Answer 12

> 35 BMI w/ obesity related co-morbidities or BMI >40

Question 13

obese waist circumference

Answer 13

(F >35in, M>40in)

Question 14

Protein calorie malnutrition

Answer 14

a highly weighted secondary diagnosis that impacts your patients severity of illness, risk of mortality and other risk adjusted outcomes.

Question 15

risk for weight loss

Answer 15

dementia, depression, disease, dysphasia, dysgeusia, diarrhea, dentition, dysfunction

Question 16

Malnutrition

Answer 16

2 or more of the following
Insufficient energy intake
Weight loss
Loss of muscle mass
Loss of subcutaneous fat
Localized or generalized fluid accumulation that may mask weight loss
Diminished functional status as measured by handgrip strength

Question 17

risk for malnutrition

Answer 17

Unintentional weight loss of ~10% or usual body weight in the preceding 3 months
Body weight <90% of ideal for height
BMI <18.5 kg/m2

Question 18

Protein Deficiency Physical Findings

Answer 18

Hollowing of the temporal muscles
Wasting of upper arms and thigh muscles
Easily plucked hair
Peripheral edema

Question 19

Malnutrition results from a combination of causes including

Answer 19

starvation
abnormal assimilation of the diet
stress response to illness
abnormal nutrient metabolism

Question 20

markers of extent malnutrition

Answer 20

albumin, transferrin, total lymphocyte count

Question 21

weight loss

Answer 21

Initial weight loss of 5-7 % carries numerous health benefits in the overweight/obese
Goal of dietary therapy is reduce total number of calories consume

Question 22

low carb diet

Answer 22

Used for weight loss and treatment of epilepsy when medications are not enough

Question 23

best diet for long term weight loss

Answer 23

low fat diet

33 g of fat for each 1000 kcals

Question 24

high protein diet

Answer 24

suggest for the obese because it is more filling

may help improve weight maintenance

Question 25

Adverse effects of Very low calorie diets

Answer 25

Hair loss
Thinning of skin
Coldness
Increased risk for gallstones

Question 26

Macrobalance Diet difficult to study due to

Answer 26

high drop out rates