Public Health

Question 1

public health is not

Answer 1

heath care in the public sector or really heath care at all

Question 2

what are the key roles for public health

Answer 2

assessment
assurance
policy development

Question 3

10 essential services that public health encompasses

Answer 3

monitor health status to identify problems
diagnosis and investigate problems and hazards
inform educate and empower people
mobilize partnerships
develop policies and plans
enforce laws and regulations
link people to services and assure care
assure competent public health and healthcare workforces
evaluate effectiveness
research

Question 4

3 core public health services

Answer 4

environmental health
disease control
health eduction and promotions which is best done through policy

Question 5

how do we build walls to prevent infectious diseases from spreading in the public

Answer 5

isolate
treat the cases to render them noninfectious
treat contacts to cut off incubating disease
behavior change
immunizations
render the environment less able to facilitate transmission (sanitary conditions)
policy decisions that limit the facilitation of transmission (access to health care)

Question 6

trends in infectious disease mortality since 1900

Answer 6

all causes and infectious disease causes have gone down since 1900s
noninfectious causes have gone slightly up, but remain relatively constant since 1900

Question 7

Trends in Mortality due to Drug Resistant Pathogens since 1980

Answer 7

has gone down and up hovering around a 4.0 Mortality rate per 100000 populations
clostridium difficilie has seen a hung increase since 200 to 2015

Question 8

Trends in Mortality due to Vaccine-preventable Diseases since 1980

Answer 8

has gone down since 1980

Question 9

Trends in Mortality due to Vector-bone diseases since 1980

Answer 9

follow the trend of the west nile virus

Question 10

how many reportable diseases are their in AZ

Answer 10

over 80

Question 11

top reportable diseases

Answer 11

chlamydia, gonorrhea, and valley fever
followed by MRSA

first and second degree syphilis are also important reportable diseases

Question 12

building walls for chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis

Answer 12

typical means to build walls is to treat people making them noninfectious and to treat contacts to cut off incubating the disease
-treating them and partners

Question 13

STD/HIV cases have all

Answer 13

increased

in 2016 all but HIV are above the four year average.

Question 14

as of 2018 STD cases had continued to surge in which counties

Answer 14

Maricopa and Pinal counties

Question 15

The number of newly diagnosed cases Chlamydia in Maricopa County have risen over ____% since ____

Answer 15

over 104% since 2004

Newly diagnosed cases of gonorrhea have also increased dramatically since 2010

Question 16

For more than a dozen years rates of _______ steadily declined until 2010. Since then rates have increased by ____%.

Answer 16

For more than a dozen years rates of gonorrhea steadily declined until 2010. Since then rates have increased by 139%.

Question 17

The number of newly diagnosed ______ cases in Maricopa County have risen 112% since 2013.

Answer 17

syphilis

Question 18

Despite the all time high in syphilis rates in 2016 of 33/100,000 and a three year increase of 94%, high variability in yearly rates have lead to

Answer 18

no change in rates of syphilis since 2000.

Question 19

Newly diagnosed cases of syphilis in 2016 is a much ‘older’ disease for

Answer 19

males than for females

Question 20

Newly diagnosed cases of HIV has slightly increased while _____ have significantly decreased since 2010

Answer 20

AIDS

Question 21

Dual infections of _____ and ______are a growing problem in Maricopa County, since 2011 an average of 33.2%

Answer 21

HIV and Syphilis

Question 22

chlamydia facts

Answer 22

75% women are asymptomatic
10-40% of untreated cases will result in PID
a percentage of these will be hospitalized and experience infertility

Question 23

how do we reduce the cost of PID hospitalizations?

Answer 23

because so many women are asymptomatic and don’t know they are infected, which can lead to PID hospitalizations if untreated then we need investigators to do gonorrhea and chlamydia interviews, this in the long run would save the tax payers money but it cost money upfront to pay the 60. investigators needed for the interviews
as of 2015 we have about 19 investigators
we could save about 5 millions dollars by hiring more investigators

Question 24

funding for the Maricopa county health department has not increased since

Answer 24

2015

Question 25

what does cocoon newborns mean

Answer 25

vaccinating all other in the household before the child goes home
Tdap vaccines

Question 26

Tdap and pregnant moms

Answer 26

we now vaccinate all pregnant moms at the right tie every time

Question 27

effects of influenza

Answer 27

days off for illness
hospitalizations
deaths
costs

Question 28

the flu vaccine is recommended for

Answer 28

everyone

Question 29

only noted side effect from flu shot

Answer 29

arm soreness

Question 30

kids as vectors

Answer 30

attack rates are the highest in children
viral shedding is longer in children, 10 days or more compared for 6 days in adults
viral shedding also starts earlier, up to 6 days before symptoms begin

Question 31

what group of people are the main disseminators of the flu

Answer 31

children

Question 32

mass influenza vaccination of children in Japan reduced

Answer 32

overall pneumonia and influenza deaths

Question 33

if ____% of school children are vaccinated then there is a ___% decrease in flu for everyone else

Answer 33

80, 90

this saves 140 million for a 7 million dollar investment

Question 34

1 in 7 children in Maricopa country are ____, compared to 1 in 4 adults

Answer 34

obese

Question 35

by 2030 ___ of Arizonians will be obese

Answer 35

59%
this has a dramatic effects on the cost of healthcare due to the large amount of healthcare problems experienced by people that are overweight

Question 36

policy and system changes can occur in what settings

Answer 36

schools, workplaces, daycares, healthcare, community

this is passive chronic disease prevention

Question 37

behavior change examples

Answer 37

teach people to eat better, tell kids to get active, encourage biking and walking, warn again 2nd hand smoke

Question 38

policy change examples

Answer 38

make healthy food available
open school playgrounds
create bike paths and sidewalks
create come free workplaces