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Quiz 2 Fundamental > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

recommended fiber intake for men and women

A

25g

38g

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2
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite

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3
Q

bmi

A

ratio of height to weight

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4
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing or inability to swallow

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5
Q

enteral nutrition

A

alternate form of feeding that involves passing a tube into the GI tract to allow instillation of the appropriate formula

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6
Q

gastrostomy

A

opening created in stomach

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7
Q

basal metabolism

A

energy required to carry on the involuntary activities of the body at rest - energy needed to sustain the metabolic activities of cells and tissues

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8
Q

bmr

A

basal metabolic rate
men have a higher BMR than women
maintaining body temp, propelling food through GI tract, inflating lungs, contracting hear muscle

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9
Q

underweight BMI

A

below 18.5

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10
Q

healthy BMI

A

18.5 to 24.9

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11
Q

overweight BMI

A

25 to 29.9

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12
Q

obese BMI

A

30 or greater

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13
Q

extreme obesity

A

greater than or equal to 40

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14
Q

waist circumference - women and men overweight

A

greater than 35, greater than 40

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15
Q

carbohydrates

A

provide energy
regulate fat and protein metabolism
regulate cardiac and cns function

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16
Q

3 macronutrients

A

carbs
protein
lipids

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17
Q

glycogen

A

stored carb energy in liver and muscles

released in between meals to help regulate blood sugar

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18
Q

Carbohydrates

A

4 cal/g

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19
Q

Protein function

A 
tissue building
metabolism
immune function
neutral nitrogen balance
wound healing
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20
Q

complete proteins

A

animal sources
soy
all 9 essential amino acids

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21
Q

incomplete proteins

A

lack some essential amino acids
plant proteins
can have to incomplete that can combine to form complete (rice and beans)

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22
Q

Proteins

A

4 cal/g

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23
Q

Fats

Study These Flashcards
A

saturated fats

unsaturated fats

24
Q

Fat function

Study These Flashcards
A 
stored energy
insulation
hormone production
absorption of fat soluble vitamins
cellular transport
25
cholesterol
limited to 200 - 300 mg a day
26
fats
9 cal/g of energy
27
what is the only animal source for carbs
lactose
28
two types of carbohydrates
simple or complex sugars - converted to glucose for transport through the blood
29
how much carbohydrates are needed daily to prevent ketosis?
50 - 100 g
30
What is the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for adults for protein
0.8g/kg of body weight 10% to 35% total calorie intake
31
why do men have higher BMR?
large muscle mass
32
Factors that increase BMR
growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures, elevated levels of certain hormones
33
Factors that decrease BMR
aging, prolonged fasting, sleep
34
2 classifications for vitamins
water soluble or fat soluble
35
what are vitamins needed for
metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats
36
how are vitamins absorbed
through intestinal wall directly into blood stream
37
water soluble vitamins
vitamin c | B complex vitamins (absorbic acid, thiamin, riboflacin, niacin, pyridoxine, biotin, folate and cobalamin)
38
how are water soluble vitamins excreted
through the urine
39
4 fat soluble vitamins
vitamins A, D, E, K
40
how are fat soluble vitamins absorbed?
absorbed with fat into the lymphatic system. They must be attached to a protein to be transported thru the blood.
41
Where are excess fat soluble vitamins stored
stored in the liver and adipose tissue - because they are stored a daily intake is not necessary and deficiency symptoms may take weeks, months, years to develop excessive intake of vitamins A and D is toxic
42
minerals
inorganic elements found in all body fluids and tissues in the form of salts or combined with organic compounds (iron in hemoglobin)
43
Function of minerals
- provide structure within the body | - whereas others help to regulate body processes
44
macrominerals
bulk minerals needed by the body in amounts greater than 100 mg.day calcium, phosphorus, sulfur, sodium, chloride, potassium and magnesium
45
microminerals
trace elements needed by the body in amounts less than 100 mg/day iron, zinc, manganese, chromium, copper, iodine
46
how much does water account for in total weight
50-60%
47
2/3 of the body's water is kept where
within cells intracellular fluid remainder is in the extracellular fluid - plasma, intersitial fluid
48
water functions
- provides fluids medium necessary for all chemical reactions - acts as a solvent and aids digestion, absorption, circulation and excretion
49
6 risk factors for poor nutritional health
``` development gender state of health alcohol abuse medications megadoses of nutrient supplements ```
50
BUN & creatnine measure what
kidney protein supplements can lead to kidney disease
51
factors asessing for nutritional status
waist circumference, BMI, height and weight
52
nursing interventions for nutrition
``` teaching nutritional info monitor nutritional status stimulating appetite assisting with eating provide oral nutrition provide long term nutritional support ```
53
short term nutritional support
NG tube | nasaljejjunal tube
54
how to confirm NG tube placement
radiographic exam measure of aspirate pH and visual assessment of aspirate measurement of tube length and tube marking carbon dioxide monitoring
55
long term nutritional support
enterostomal tube may be placed through opening in stomach or jejunum
56
malabsorption disease
small intestine

Quiz 2 Fundamental (7 decks)

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