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Biochem PLE | Des > Nutrition > Flashcards

Nutrition Flashcards

(98 cards)

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1
Q

Vit B5

A

Pantothenic acid

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2
Q

Korsakoff syndrome

Amnesia, confabulation, hallucinations

A

Vitamin B1/ thiamine

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3
Q

Active forms of niacin
1.
2.

A

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP)

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4
Q

What is the energy content of CHON?

A

4 kcal/g

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5
Q

This is a clinical condition where in protein deprivation is relatively greater than the reduction in total calories

A

Kwashiorkor

Edema, stunted growth, enlarged fatty lover, skin lesions and depigmented hair
Very low plasma protein

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6
Q

Kcal/kg/day of sendentary lifestyle

A

30 Kcal/kg/day

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7
Q

This is the highest average intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population

A

Tolerable upper intake level

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8
Q

Active form of vitamin B9

A

Tetrahydrofolate

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9
Q

Active form of cobalamin
1.
2.

A

Methylcobalamin

Deoxyadenosylcobalamin

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10
Q

Storage form of iron

A

Ferritin

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11
Q

Partially denaturated derivative of ferritin

A

Hemosiderin

Predominates when tissue stores are high

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12
Q

This is a clinical condition where in a calorie deprivation is relatively greater than the reduction in protein

A

Marasmus

No edema, extreme muscle wasting, stunted growth, weakness, anemia

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13
Q

Kcal/kg/day of moderately active

A

35 Kcal/kg/day

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14
Q

In vitamin A

This regulates growth, development and tissue differentiation

A

Retinoic acid

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15
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

Maternal deficiency leads to NTDs in fetus

A

Vit B9 deficiency/ folic acid

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16
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

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17
Q

This is a synthetic compound of vitamin K

A

Menadione

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18
Q

Active form of pyridoxine

A

Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate

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19
Q

Active form of vit B1

A

Thiamine pyrophosphate

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20
Q

This is the average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the requirements of >95% of all individuals in a life stage and gender group

A

Recommended daily allowance

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21
Q 
What are the forms of vitamin A?
1.
2.
3.
4.
A

Retinol
Retinal
Retinoic acid
Beta carotene

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22
Q

Vitamin D3 or

A

Cholecalciferol

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23
Q

Active form of pantothenic acid

A

Coenzyme A

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24
Q

Pellagra

Diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

A

Vit B3/ niacin

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25
Coenzyme for copper and iron containing hydroxylases
Vit C
26
What is the energy content of fats?
9 kcal /gram
27
In vitamin A This support gametogenesis #2
Retinol | Retinal
28
Ethanol --> acetaldehyde | Enzyme?
Alcohol dehydrogenase NAD-->NADH
29
This metabolic effects of alcoholism where in lactate competes with urate for excretion by the kidney
Hyperuricemia
30
These are the micronutrients
Vitamins and minerals
31
Inhibitor of oxidation reaction of acetaldehyde --> acetateinhi
Disulfiram
32
The 2 oxidation reactions of alcohol lead to accumulation of what?
NADH
33
Burning foot syndrome | Peripheral nerve damage
Vitamin B5/ pantothenic
34
Acetaldehyde --> acetate | Enzyme?
Aldehyde dehydrogenase NAD-->NADH
35
This a coenzyme for pyruvate carboxylase, acetly CoA carboxylase, propionyl CoA carboxylase
Biotin
36
Wernicke encephalopathy | Confusion, ataxia, nystagmus/ ophthalmoplegia
Vit B1
37
This is a metabolic effect of DM where in there is increased mobilization of fatty acids from adipose tissue combined with accelerated hepatic fatty acid B-oxidation and synthesis of ketone bodies
Ketoacidosis
38
Coenzyme of Methionine synthase Methylmalonyl CoA mutase
Vit B12/ cobalamin
39
Seborrheic dermatitis, cheilosis, angular stomatitis, desquamation and inflammation of tongue
Vit B2 deficiency | Riboflavin
40
To lose 1 pound per week, you need to burn and/or reduce caloric intake by about?
500 kcal/day
41
Formiminoglutamic acid (FIGlu) excretion test is used for what vit deficiency
Folate B9 - folic acid
42
100-meter sprint uses what energy?
Creatine phosphate | Then anaerobic glycolysis using muscle glycogen as the source of glucose
43
In a sprinter what fibers are used predominantly?
Type II (glycolytic)
44
Vitamin B3 or
Niacin
45
Normal BMI accdg to WHO?
18.5 to 24.9
46
Source of menaquinone
Synthesized by intestinal bacteria
47
Active forms of riboflavin 1. 2.
``` Flavine mononucleotide (FMN) Flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) ```
48
Vitamin H
Biotin
49
What is the energy content of CHO?
4 kcal/gram
50
BMI of obese accdg to WHO?
>/= 30
51
This is a component of the visual pigment rhodopsin
11-cis retinal
52
Undermineralized bones in adults
Osteomalacia
53
What is the action of disulfiram?
Inhibits acetaldehyde --> acetate
54
Prolonged administration of menadione may cause ____ and ____ in infants
Hemolytic anemia | Jaundice
55
The active form calcitriol or
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D Product of hydroxylation reaction that occur in the liver and kidney
56
This is the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of 50% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
Estimated average requirement
57
This a metabolic effect of DM where in there is accumulation of VLDLs and chylomicrons
Hypertriacylglycerolemia
58
This is a clinical condition where in there is glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia (low HDL and elevated TAGs) and hypertension
Metabolic syndrome
59
Least potent vitamin A
Beta carotene
60
Vitamin B1
Thiamine
61
This is the average dietary energy intake predicted to maintain an energy balance in a healthy adult of a defined age, gender and height, whose weight and level of physical activity are consistent with good health
Estimated energy requirement
62
Glossitis and neuropathy | Disorders of AA metabolism
Vitamin B6/ pyridoxine
63
Erythrocyte TRANSAMINASE assay is used for what vit deficiency
Vitamin B6 def/ pyridoxine
64
Kcal/kg/day of very active
40 Kcal/kg/day
65
This causes hemorrhagic disease in newborns
Vit K deficiency
66
In a marathon runner what type of fibers are used predominantly?
Type I (oxidative)
67
Methylmalonic acid test is used for what vit deficiency
Vit B12 | Cobalamin
68
This is the least toxic of the fat-soluble vitamin and is a major antioxidant
Vitamin E
69
In chronic alcoholics they use microsomal ethanol oxidation system as an alternate pathway which occurs in SER and requires?
CYP2E1 | Form cytochrome P450 family of enzymes
70
Undermineralized bones in children
Rickets
71
What is the energy content of ketones?
4 kcal/g
72
Loss of sensitivity to green light, nyctalopia, xerophthalmia, blindness
Vit A deficiency
73
Active form of biotin
Enzyme bound biotin
74
Vitamin B2 or
Riboflavin
75
These are included in macronutrients
Fats Carbohydrates Protein
76
Marathon uses what major source of energy?
Oxidative phospoylation | Aerobic metabolism
77
Absorption of this vitamin is inhibited by egg whites
Biotin
78
This causes flushing, tachycardia, hyperventilation, and nausea
Acetaldehyde
79
Component of egg whites that inhibits Vit H
Avidin
80
``` Vit B1 is a coenzyme for 1. 2. 3. 4. ```
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (pinaka-maarte) alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (pinaka-maarte) Branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase Transketolases
81
This is the energy expenditure at rest but not asleep
Resting (basal) metabolic rate
82
Scurvy | Sore spongy gums, loose teeth, poor wound healing, bone fracture
Vit C deficiency
83
Vitamin D2 or
Ergocalciferol
84
Enhances absorption of inorganic iron
Vitamin C
85
VitamIn B12
Cobalamin
86
Erythrocyte TRANSKETOLASE activity assay is used for what vit deficiency
Vit B1/ thiamine
87
Isoniazid use can cause what deficiency?
Vit B3/ niacin
88
In vitamin A | This is an antioxidant
Beta carotene
89
What is the energy content of alcohol?
7 kcal/gram
90
Fatty liver occurs when there id an imbalance between ____ and ____
Triacyglycerol synthesis and VLDL secretion
91
``` Coenzyme for: Transamination of amino acids Decarboxylation of glutamate and histidine ALA synthase Cystathionine synthase Synthesis of niacin from tryptophan Glycogen phosphorylase ```
Vitamin B6/ pyridoxine
92
Beriberi
Vit B1/ thiamine
93
Inhibits lypolysis in adipose tissue and is used to treat hyperlipidemia
Vit B3/ niacin
94
Vitamin B9
Folic acid
95
Pernicious anemia Megaloblastic anemia Subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord
Vit B12 deficiency | Cobalamin
96
Schilling test is used for what vit deficiency
Vitamin B12 | Cobalamin
97
Forms of Vit E
Tocopherol | Tocotrienol
98
Source of phylloquinone
Green vegetables

Biochem PLE | Des (5 decks)

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