Proteins Flashcards
(100 cards)
1
Q
Linear polymers of AA
A
Proteins
2
Q
Provide structural framework
A
Protein
3
Q
Component of immune system
A
Protein
4
Q
Set of all the chons expressed by an individual cell at a particular time
A
Proteome
5
Q
How many AA are commonly found in mammalian chon
A
20
6
Q
Each amino acid has carboxyl group, amino group, distinctive side chain (called R-group)
A
Proline
7
Q
Dictates function of AA in a chon
A
R-group
8
Q
No H bond
A
Nonpolar AA
9
Q
Non polar amino acids
A
Glycine Alanine Valine Isoleucine Leucine Phenylalanine Tryptophan Methionine Proline
10
Q
Polar uncharged amino acids
A
Serine Threonine Tyrosine Cysteine Asparginine Glutamine
11
Q
Amide
A
Asparginine
Glutamine
12
Q
Charged amino acids
Found on the surface chon
A
Aspartate Glutamate Arginine Lysine Histidine
13
Q
Has the smallest side chains
A
Glycine
14
Q
Used in 1st step in heme synthesis
Glycine +
A
Succinyl coA
= delta ALA
15
Q
Glycine is used in synthesis of
A
Purines and creatinine
16
Q
Major inhibitory NT of spinal cord
A
Glycine
17
Q
Carrier of ammonia
A
Alanine
18
Q
Branched chain AA; accumulate in maple syrup dse
A
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
19
Q
Accumulate in phenylketonuria
A
Phenylalanine
20
Q
Precursor of tyrosine
A
Phenylalanine
21
Q
Has largest side chain
A
Tryptophan
22
Q
tryptophan precursor to
A
Melatonin
Serotonin
Niacin
23
Q
Vitamin B3
A
Niacin
24
Q
Happy hormone
A
Serotonin
25
Precursor of homocysteine
Methionine
26
Imino acid
Proline
27
Contributes to fibrous structure of collagen
| Intereupts a-helices in globular proteins
Proline
28
Serine, threonine, tyrosine
| Site for
O linked glycosylation
29
Tyrosine
| Precursor of
```
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
L dopa
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Epinephrine
```
30
Precursor for thyroxine and melanin
Tyrosine
31
Have a carbonyl group and amide group
Asparagine, glutamine
32
Site for n linked glycosylation
Asparagine
33
Glutamine deaminated by
Glutaminase
34
Glutamine deaminated will form
Ammonia
35
Major carrier of nitrogen from peripheral tissue to liver
Glutamine
36
Contain sulfhydyl group
Cysteine
37
Participates in biosynthesis of coenzyme A
Cysteine
38
Present in hair
Keratin
| Contains a lot of cystine
39
What are the acidic AA
Aspartate
| Glutamate
40
Serves a proton donors
Aspartate
| Glutamate
41
Precursor of GABA
| and glutathione
Glutamate
42
What are the basic AA
Histidine
Arginine
Lysine
43
They are proton acceptors
histidine
Arginine
Lysine
44
Precursor of histamine
Histidine
45
Dx of folic acid def
FIGlu excretion test
46
AA used in FIGlu excretion test
Histidine
47
Precursor of creatinine
Urea
Nitric oxide
Arginine
48
Present in lathyrus seeds
Homoarginine
| B-ODAP
49
Implicated in neurolathyrism
Homoarginine
| B-ODAP
50
Neurotoxic aa in cycad seeds; implicated in ALS-parkinson dementia complex
B-methylaminoalanine
51
All aa are chiral except
Glycine
52
All aa in chons
L-configuration
53
Bacterial cell walls, antibiotics
D-configuration
54
10 essential aa
```
Isoleucine
Leucine
Threonine
Valine
Methionine
Arginine
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Lysine
Histidine
```
55
Stepwise process of identifying the specific aa at each position in peptide chain
Sequencing
56
Mc 2ndry structure
Alpha helix
57
Alpha helix is disrupted by
Proline
58
Keratin, hgb
| Are example of
Alpha helix
59
Aa residues form a zigzag pleated pattern
Beta sheet
60
Amyloid
Immunoglobulin
Are example of
Beta sheet
61
Fundamental functional and 3 dimensional structural units of polypeptide
Domains
62
Required for the proper folding of many species of chons
Chaperones
63
Results in unfolding and disorganisation of chon’s 2ndry and tertiary structure
Denaturation
64
Hyperbolic o2 dissociation curve
Myoglobin
65
Sigmoidal o2 dissociation curve
Hemoglobin
66
Factors that causes a shift to the right
Increase co2, acidity (dec ph)
| Inc 2,3 BPG, exercise, tempt
67
The release of o2 from
Hgb is enhanced when the pH js lowered or when hgb is in presence of an inc
Pco2
Bohr effect
68
Has increased affinity for oxygen
FEtal hemoglobin
69
Form of hgb bound to CO in place of o2
Carboxyhgb
70
200x greater affinity for hgb than o2
CO
71
Hb becomes cherry pink
Carboxyhgb
72
Tx of CO toxicity
100% o2 therapy
73
Chocolate cyanosis
Methemoglobinemia
74
Tx for methemoglobinemia
Mild
Ingestion
Mild: oral methylene blue or ascorbic acid
Ingestion: IV methylene blue
75
MC mutation in hereditary spherocytosis
Ankyrin
76
Results from a point mutation in both genes coding for Bchain that results in valine rather than glutamate
Sickle cells dse
77
Has single amino a id substitution in 6th position of Bglobin in wc lysine is substituted for glutamate
Hgb C dse
78
Accumulation of Hb Bart and Hb H and Bchain precipitation
Alpha thalassemia
79
Thalassemia
| Symptoms appear at birth
Alpha T
80
Thalassemia
| Physical manifestations appear only after birth
beta thalassemia
81
Most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
82
Mc form of collagen
Type 1
83
Type of collagen
| Bone
I
84
Type of collagen
| Cartilage
II
85
Type of collagen
| Reticulin - skin, BV, granulation tissue
III
86
Type of collagen
Basement membrane
Basal lamina
IV
87
Type of collagen
| Beneath stratified squamous epith
VII
88
Mc Ehlers dais syndrome
Hyper mobility
| Defect in type 3
89
Most serious Ehlers danlos
Vascular
Type 3 defect
90
Aka brittle bone syndrome
Osteogenesis imperfecta
91
Blue sclerae
| Hearing loss
Osteogenesis imperfecta
92
Disorder jn type 4 collagen
Alport syndrome
Renal
93
Disorder of type 7 collagen
Epidermolysis Bullosa
94
Characterized by
| Kinky hair, growth retardation
Menkes dse
95
Deficiency in copper dietary
Menkes dse
96
Dolichostenomelia
Arachnodactyly
Ectopia lentis
Marfan syndrome
97
Hyperbolic o2 dissociation curve
Myoglobin
98
Sigmoidal o2 dissociation curve
Hemoglobin
99
Factors that causes a shift to the right
Increase co2, acidity (dec ph)
| Inc 2,3 BPG, exercise, tempt
100
The release of o2 from
Hgb is enhanced when the pH js lowered or when hgb is in presence of an inc
Pco2
Bohr effect
