Nutrition

Question 1

This fruit has fat content of 20%, about 20 times the average of other fruits. It is used to make guacamole

Answer 1

avocado

Question 2

What is the term that refers to a person’s inabilty to taste?

Answer 2

aguesia

Question 3

Long-term antibiotic therapy can lead to a deficiency of what vitamin?

Answer 3

vitamin K

Question 4

What is the disease caused by the inability to digest phenylalanine?

Answer 4

Phenylketonuria

Question 5

What health benefit is attributable to oat bran?

Answer 5

Lowers the level of serum cholesterol

Question 6

Name the essential amino acids for humans.

Answer 6

Phe, Val, Thr, Trp, Lle, Met, His, Leu, Lys

Question 7

what is the definition of essential amino acids?

Answer 7

amino acids that cannot be synthesized by the body and must be present in the diet

Question 8

what is the amount of heat required to raise the temp of one gram of water one degree Celsius?

Answer 8

Calorie

Question 9

what is the unit commonly used in expressing energy values of foods?

Answer 9

Kilocalorie

Question 10

name the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 10

A,D,E,K

Question 11

what are the 2 minerals that humans require the most?

Answer 11

Calcium & Phosphorus

Question 12

what are the chief deficiencies of Calcium and Phosphorus?

Answer 12

Bone and Teeth Disease

Question 13

what vitamin is formed in the skin of humans and animals by activation of sterols by UV light from the sun or by UV activation of sterols artificially?

Answer 13

Vitamin D

Question 14

Vitamin D increases _____and______from the intestinal tract and is necessary for their efficient utilization.

Answer 14

Calcium & Phosphorus

Question 15

what are good sources of Vitamin D?

Answer 15

Fish oil, liver,dairy products, eggs

Question 16

What vitamin is essential for normal blood clotting?

Answer 16

Vitamin K

Question 17

what are the good sources of the Vitamin B complex?

Answer 17

yeast,liver,bran of cereal grains

Question 18

what is another name for Vitamin E?

Answer 18

Tocopherol

Question 19

What are good sources of Vitamin K?

Answer 19

green vegetables such as spinach and cabbage

Question 20

what is the disease caused by a deficiency of thiamin, and is common where polished rice is a major dietary item?

Answer 20

Beriberi

Question 21

What vitamin is a strong antioxidant and probably functions as such in human metabolism?

Answer 21

Vitamin E

Question 22

What common food preservative chemical destroys the vitamin activity and should not be used to preserve foods that are major sources of thiamin?

Answer 22

Sulfur Dioxide

Question 23

What is the sum of the processes involved in taking in food nutrients and assimilating and using them to maintain body tissue and provide nutrition; a foundation for life and health?

Answer 23

Nutrition

Question 24

what is a blood condition characterized by a decreased number of circulating RBCs, hemoglobin, or both?

Answer 24

Anemia

Question 25

what are the small protrusions from the surface of a membrane: finger-like projections covering mucosal surfaces of the small intestine?

Answer 25

Villi

Question 26

what is the class of compounds of low molecular weight that yield two or more amino acids on hydrolysis?

Answer 26

peptide

Question 27

what is the sum of all the various biochemical and physiologic processes by which the body grows and maintains itself (anabolism) and breaks down and reshapes tissue (catabolism)?

Answer 27

Metabolism

Question 28

Lecithins are structurally like fats but contain what?

Answer 28

phosphoric acid

Question 29

what are the biological catalysts that promote a wide variety of biochemical reactions?

Answer 29

enzymes

Question 30

what enzyme is found in saliva promotes digestion or breakdown of starch in the mouth?

Answer 30

amylase

Question 31

what enzyme is found in gastric juice promotes digestion of protein?

Answer 31

pepsin

Question 32

what enzyme is found in liver that promotes breakdown of fats?

Answer 32

lipase

Question 33

what is the Recommended Daily Allowance for thiamin (depends on age and gender)?

Answer 33

1-1.5 mg/day

Question 34

What is amino acid score (uncorrected)

Answer 34

The ratio of mg of amino acids in 1g of test protein to the mg of amino acid in 1g of reference protein.

Question 35

a traditional mediterranean dish is hummus and tahini. What is the major nutritional benefit from this dish?

Answer 35

it has a complete amino acid profile

Question 36

what is the name given to zinc deficiency?

Answer 36

there is no named deficiency for zinc

Question 37

about what % zinc is absorbed from a meal?

Answer 37

~25% absorbed; this is not very efficient

Question 38

On what proteins are zinc transported in the plasma?

Answer 38

66% bound/carried by albumin, 33% carried by alpha-2-macroglobulin

Question 39

Wilson's Disease involves which mineral?

Answer 39

copper

Question 40

what is the common name of hexaphosphate inositol and what does this compound do?

Answer 40

phytic acid: it chelates minerals

Question 41

what foods are good sources of zinc?

Answer 41

oysters (best). Also meat, eggs, dairy, and legumes

Question 42

according to the NLEA, only 11 health claims will be allowed on food labels; name 5

Answer 42

calcium and osteoporosis,folate and neural tube defects,sodium and hypertension,dietary fat and cancer,dietary sat. fat/cholesterol and coronary heart disease,soy intake and cancer,fruits and veg and cancer

Question 43

what are the symptoms of zinc deficiency?

Answer 43

neuropsychiatric symptoms (irritability, depression, lethargy, sleepiness, slurred speech, tremors), keratinization of the eye, dermatitis (around orifices), Diarrhea

Question 44

name 3 metalloenzymes that zinc is a part of.

Answer 44

Alcohol dehydrogenase, aminopeptidase, carboxypeptidase, collagenase

Question 45

How do lactose intolerance and milk allergy differ?

Answer 45

lactose intolerance results from a lack of lactase, milk allergy is an autoimmune response to milk protein

Question 46

what is the common name for vitamin B3?

Answer 46

Niacin

Question 47

what does the acronym PDCAAS stand for?

Answer 47

Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score (compares the amino acid content of a protein w/human amino acid requirement and corrects for digestibility)