Nutrition, absorption and digestion Flashcards
What are the principal dietary constituents
Carbohydrates, Protein, Fat, Vitamins, Minerals and water
Why are molecules stored as macromolecules
to limit the effect on the osmolarity –> osmosis
What type of Hexoses are Glucose and Galactose?
Aldoses as they contain a carbonyl group at the end of a carbon chain
What type of hexose is Fructose?
Ketoses, contains a carbonyl group in the middle of a carbon chain
What carbon atoms does the bond occur at in B-D-glucose/galactose?
C1 and C5
What are the two different carbon atoms formed when glucose is dissolved in an aqueous solution
alpha and beta Glucose. Alpha the hydroxyl group on C1 is on the top of the ring and Beta the hydroxyl group is on the bottom of the ringed structure
What carbons form bonds in fructose to form a cyclic structure
C2 and C5
What are absorbed by the small intestines
Monosaccharides, which are the breakdown products of complex chains
What is a disaccharide?
Two monosaccharides linked together by glyosidic bonds
How are disaccharides broken down?
They are broken down by brush border enzymes in small intestines (enzymes found on microvilli surface)
Lactose, sucrose and maltose constituents
Lactose: glucose + galactose
Sucrose: Glucose + fructose
Maltose: Glucose + Glucose
What are the significant features of starch?
What are the significant features of Cellulose?
Unbranched, linear chains of glucose. beta-1,4 glycosidic bond.
Cannot be digested by vertebrates, ONLY bacteria (cellulase) in large intestines
Glycogen significant features?
Glucose monomers linked by alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds
what can breakdown alpha glycosidic bonds
Alpha-amylase .
