Nutrition across the lifespan

Question 1

Role of Iron

Answer 1

Iron is essential for the manufacture of red blood cells via haemoglobin that carry oxygen around the body.

Question 2

What is the importance of Iron during the prenatal stage of the lifespan

Answer 2

During pregnancy iron is needed in larger amounts because the mothers blood volume increases and the babies blood is also developing

Question 3

Impact of low iron

Answer 3

Anaemia can be a result of low iron levels in the body. This leads to reduced oxygen flow to the bodys organs. Symptoms may include fatigue, skin pallor, shortness of breath

Question 4

Food Sources of Iron

Answer 4

Red meat, fish, chicken, legumes and green leafy veg eg broccoli

Question 5

What is the role of folate in the prenatal stage of the lifespan

Answer 5

Folate helps protect against neural tube defects in the developing foetus

Question 6

What is a neural tube defect

Answer 6

The neural tube is a casing that encloses the brain and spinal cord during the embryonic stage of development. Neural tube defects are a group of conditions that occur when the neural tube does not fuse completely

Question 7

Folate food sources

Answer 7

asparagus, bran flakes, broccoli, brussel sprouts

Question 8

What is the importance of iodine during the prenatal stage of the lifespan

Answer 8

Iodine is involved in the production of thyroid hormones, these hormones are vital to ensure normal development of the brain and nervous system before birth.

Question 9

Iodine food sources

Answer 9

Bread made with iodised salt, dairy products and seafood

Question 10

What is the role of carbohydrates during infancy,childhood and adolesence stage of the lifespan

Answer 10

Major source of energy for the body, for daily brain function, proper muscle, nerve and tissue development.

Question 11

Carbohydrate food sources

Answer 11

Whoewheat bread, rice, cereal

Question 12

What is cholesterol

Answer 12

It is fat like substance produced naturally by th ebody and is absorbed from animal fats

Question 13

What is the role of cholesterol in the body

Answer 13

Creation of certain hormones and vitamin D production

Question 14

How is cholesterol transported by the body

Answer 14

Lipoproteins

Question 15

What is the role of high density lipoproteins

Answer 15

Transport cholesterol from bloodstream to the liver where it is disposed of. This is beneficial to health and effectiveness is increased by exercise.

Question 16

What is the role of low density lipoproteins

Answer 16

Transport cholesterol from the liver to the cells, depositing excess amounts on the artery walls. Not beneficial to health as this forms plaque which is a pre cursor to a condition known as atherosclerosis.

Question 17

List the three types of fat

Answer 17

Saturated, unsaturated and trans

Question 18

Role of Fat

Answer 18

Secondary source of energy, temperature control, protection of organs, storgae of fat soluble vitamins

Question 19

What is the role of unsaturated fat

Answer 19

Help lower LDL therefore decreasing cholesterol and therefore decreasing risk of atherosclerosis

Question 20

Role of unsaturated fat

Answer 20

Help lower LDL therefore decreasing cholesterol and the risk of atheroslerosis

Question 21

Role of saturated fat

Answer 21

Raises the level of LDL contributing to increased risk of atherosclerosis

Question 22

Role of Trans Fat

Answer 22

Raise the level of LDL and lower levels of HDL. Can also contribute to impaired glucose regulation

Question 23

Food sources of unsaturated fat

Answer 23

Fish, plant based oils, nuts and seeds

Question 24

Food sources of saturated fat

Answer 24

Animal fats such as butter, cheese and meat

Question 25

Food Sources of Trans Fat

Answer 25

Supermarket cakes and pies

Question 26

Role of protein

Answer 26

Build, maintain and repair body cells

Question 27

Why is protein important during adolesence

Answer 27

To meet the needs of growth in height and weight throughout puberty

Question 28

Protein Food Sources

Answer 28

Lean meat, poultry, fish and seafood

Question 29

Role of calcium

Answer 29

Strengthening bones and teeth, regulate muscle and heart functioning

Question 30

Why is calcium important during adolesence, infancy and childhood

Answer 30

Skeletal tissue is constantly growing, so young children have high calcium requirements, particularly through growth spurts

Question 31

Calcium food sources

Answer 31

Milk and milk products, green leafy vegetables, soy and tofu

Question 32

Why is iron important for adolescent females

Answer 32

During adolesence, females start to menstruate, and this leads to a loss of iron. It is important to replace this loss of iron

Question 33

What is Basal Metabolic Rate

Answer 33

The amount of energy required to sustain basic functioning of the human body

Question 34

What happens to basal metabolic rate as we age

Answer 34

As age increases our basal metabolic rate decreases

Question 35

What should happen to CHO intake as age increases

Answer 35

It should decrease due to the decrease in BMR

Question 36

Role of Insoluble Fibre

Answer 36

Helps to soften the contents of the bowels making them pass through the bowel easier. Decreasing the risk of constipation.

Question 37

Food Sources of Insoluble Fibre

Answer 37

Skins of fruit and vegetables, wholegrains

Question 38

Role of Soluble Fibre

Answer 38

Lowers blood cholesterol and makes you feel fuller for longer

Question 39

Food Sources of Soluble Fibre

Answer 39

Fruits vegetables, oats, legumes and barley

Question 40

Two important roles of fibre

Answer 40

lower blood cholesterol, helps us to feel fuller for longer, decreased risk of bowel cancer, feel fuller for longer, decreases risk of constipation

Question 41

Function of water

Answer 41

Helps blood flow easily, regulates blood temperature, aids digestion

Question 42

What is dehydration

Answer 42

Occurs when the water content of the body is too low