Nutrition and Digestion

Question 1

What is a suspension feeder?

Answer 1

capture food particles from the surrounding
ex: whale shark

Question 2

What is a substrate feeder?

Answer 2

live in or on their food source and eat their way through it
ex: caterpillar and maggots

Question 3

What is a fluid feeder?

Answer 3

suck nutrient-rich fluids from a living host
ex: mosquito

Question 4

What is a bulk feeder?

Answer 4

ingest large pieces of food
ex: cow, humans

Question 5

What are the four stages food is processed?

Answer 5

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. absorption
4. excretion

Question 6

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 6

amino acids

Question 7

What are polysaccharides and disaccharides broken down into?

Answer 7

monosaccharides

Question 8

What are nucleic acids broken down into?

Answer 8

nucleotides

Question 9

How do sponges and protists digest food?

Answer 9

in vacuoles

Question 10

What specialized organs (two) do earthworms and birds have in their digestive system?

Answer 10

crop and gizzard

Question 11

Function of salivary glands

Answer 11

secrete a mucus and salivary amylase to begin the digestion of starch and glycongen

Question 12

Function of the liver

Answer 12

secretes bile to aid in the breakdown of fats

Question 13

Function of the gall bladder

Answer 13

stores bile from the liver, releases small amount of bile into the small intestine as needed

Question 14

Function of the pancreas

Answer 14

double function
1. secretes amylases, proteases, lipases, and nucleases for digestion, bicarbonate to neutralize acidic mixtures from stomach
2. secretes insulin and glucagon for regulation of blood sugar

Question 15

where do mechanical and chemical digestion start?

Answer 15

in the mouth

Question 16

What are the 3 function of the stomach?

Answer 16

1. mix and store ingested food
2. release gastric juice that digest food
3. control delivery of chyme to the small intestine

Question 17

What is found in the fold of the intestinal lining that increase surface area?

Answer 17

villi

Question 18

what is the major organ for chemical digestion and absorption?

Answer 18

small intestine

Question 19

The small intestines are divided into 3 segments what are they called?

Answer 19

1. duodenum
2. jejunum
3. ileum

Question 20

What is the the duodenum?

Answer 20

first segment, receives partially digested food from the stomach

Question 21

What is the Jejunum?

Answer 21

second segment, digests and absorbs most nutrients

Question 22

What is the ileum?

Answer 22

third segment, absorbs some nutrients, delivers unabsorbed material to the large intestine

Question 23

What vein does blood from the digestive tract drain into?

Answer 23

hepatic portal vein

Question 24

The pouch called the cecum contains what

Answer 24

appendix

Question 25

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 25

absorb vitamins and water into the bloodstream and form feces

Question 26

The length of the digestive tract correlates with

Answer 26

diet

Question 27

How many stomachs do ruminants have?

Answer 27

4

Question 28

Rumen

Answer 28

Chamber 1 in ruminants, processes roughage, microbes secrete enzymes

Question 29

Reticulum

Answer 29

chamber 2 in ruminants, regurgitates partially digested food from rumen

Question 30

Omasum

Answer 30

chamber 3 in ruminants, muscular region that helps grind food and squeeze out water

Question 31

Abomasom

Answer 31

chamber 4 in ruminants, the "true stomach" portion where digestive juices are mixed with food and broken down

Question 32

What is the crop in a bird?

Answer 32

stretchable organ for storing food/seeds

Question 33

What is a gizzard in a bird?

Answer 33

a muscular organ that grinds up food

Question 33

What is a gizzard in a bird?

Answer 33

a muscular organ that grinds up food

Question 34

What is low density lipoprotein?

Answer 34

correlate with developing blocked blood vessels, high blood pressure, and heart attacks

Question 35

What is high density lipoproteins?

Answer 35

may decrease the risk of vessel blockages