Nutrition And Digestion

Question 0

What is a sphincter

Answer 0

Strong muscles that stops acid from leaving stomach. Also controls what goes in and out of stomach.

Question 1

Structure and function of the stomach

Answer 1

A muscular sac that excretes hydrochloric acid and pepsin. Has a mucus layer to protect from stomach acid.

Question 2

What are the names of the sphincters

Answer 2

Anal sphincter 
Odi sphincter 
Pyloric sphincter 
Esophageal sphincter (AKA Cardiac sphincter)
Auodenal sphincter

Question 3

Name the different muscles of the stomach (other than sphincters)

Answer 3

Longitudinal, circular, oblique muscles

Question 4

What makes pepsin special

Answer 4

Pepsin is only enzyme that works in an acidic environment

Question 5

What are the different parts of the small intestine

Answer 5

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

Question 6

What is the duodenum

Answer 6

80% of break down done in duodenum. First part of small intestine

Question 7

What is the the jejunum

Answer 7

The jejunum is in the middle of the small intestine

Question 8

What is the ileum

Answer 8

The ileum is the final part of the small intestine

Question 9

What is the main purpose of the large intestine (colon)

Answer 9

The re absorption of water

Question 10

What is the last part of the large intestine

Answer 10

Caecum

Question 11

Do humans have a use for an appendix

Answer 11

Humans have no use for an appendix

Question 12

What are the different parts of the large intestine

Answer 12

Ascending colon
Right flexture 
Transverse colon
Left colic flexture 
Descending colon
Sigmad colon 
Retum
Anal canal

Question 13

What gets absorbed in large intestine

Answer 13

Water

Question 14

Where are vitamins produced

Answer 14

Large intestine

Question 15

What form are digestion enzymes

Answer 15

Liquid form

Question 16

What does bacteria do in large intestine

Answer 16

Bacteria dissolves the non digested nutrients

Question 17

What are accessory organs

Answer 17

Organs that help with digestion

Question 18

Name the accessory organs

Answer 18

Liver
Pancreas
Common bile duct
Gall bladder

Question 19

What does a liver do

Answer 19

To purify toxic materials

Question 20

What does a pancreas do

Answer 20

Produces digestive enzymes

Also produces incline

Question 21

What does incline do

Answer 21

Metabolizes sugar

Question 22

What does a common bile duct do

Answer 22

Filters blood

Produces bile

Question 23

What does bile do

Answer 23

Bile breaks down oil

Question 24

What does a gull bladder do

Answer 24

If stores bile

Question 25

Are nutrients necessary to the human body

Answer 25

Yes

Question 26

What is a nutrient

Answer 26

Any chemical element or compound that is essential for normal growth, functioning, maintenance, and reproduction of an organism

Question 27

How many major nutrient groups exist

Answer 27

6 | 7 if you count fiber

Question 28

What are the 2 ways of classifying nutrients

Answer 28

Those are that provide energy | Those that support metabolic processes in our body

Question 29

Why are the essential nutrients essential

Answer 29

Because they can not be synthesized by the body

Question 30

Name the essential nutrients

Answer 30

``` Proteins Carbohydrates Fats and oils Minerals Vitamins Water Fiber ```

Question 31

What do proteins do

Answer 31

Needed to repair and build many components of the body

Question 32

What do carbohydrates do

Answer 32

Provide energy

Question 33

What do fats and oils do

Answer 33

``` Incelation Cushioning Storing energy Makes things Source of energy ```

Question 34

What do minerals do

Answer 34

Helps body preform different functions | Needed in small quantities

Question 35

What do vitamins do

Answer 35

Play role of tools Builds and repairs things. Needed in small quantities

Question 36

What does water do

Answer 36

Moistens tissue Maintains body temperature All biochemical reactions require water

Question 37

What does fiber do

Answer 37

Stimulates large intestine to keep things moving

Question 38

What are the 2 types of carbohydrates

Answer 38

Simple and complex

Question 39

What is the difference between simple and complex carbohydrates

Answer 39

Simple: all are sugars. Have a simple molecular structure Complex: made if several different molecules linked together. Consists of many simple carbohydrates linked together

Question 40

What is the main sugar in food

Answer 40

Sucrose

Question 41

Is sugar an essential nutrient

Answer 41

No

Question 42

Where is lactose found

Answer 42

Dairy

Question 43

Where is fructose mainly found

Answer 43

Fruits and vegetables

Question 44

Can cells function without proteins

Answer 44

No

Question 45

What are non structural proteins used for

Answer 45

Used as tools

Question 46

Are antibodies proteins

Answer 46

Yes

Question 47

How many amino acids does our body need

Answer 47

20

Question 48

How many amino acids can our body make from scratch

Answer 48

10

Question 49

Are fats and oils concentrated sources of energy

Answer 49

Yes

Question 50

Does fat have more calories than carbohydrates

Answer 50

Fats have about 3 times more , but takes longer to metabolize than carbohydrates

Question 51

Do fats make certain types of vitamins

Answer 51

Yes

Question 52

What are all fats composed of

Answer 52

An alcohol called glycerol and fatty acids

Question 53

What are fatty acids composed of

Answer 53

Long chain of carbon atoms to which hydrogen atoms are attached

Question 54

What are the 2 types of fats

Answer 54

Saturated and unsaturated

Question 55

Where do you find each type of fat

Answer 55

``` Saturated = animals Unsaturated = plants ```

Question 56

Which type of fat is healthier

Answer 56

Unsaturated

Question 57

What is triglyceride

Answer 57

The term for the glycerol and 3 fatty acids

Question 58

What is polyunsaturated

Answer 58

Fatty acids found in products from plant sources

Question 59

Do you store water soluble vitamins

Answer 59

No

Question 60

Do you store fat soluble vitamins

Answer 60

Yes

Question 61

What are the fat soluble vitamins

Answer 61

A D E K

Question 62

What are the water soluble vitamins

Answer 62

B complex and C

Question 63

Do some minerals help maintain a normal heartbeat

Answer 63

Yes

Question 64

What are the 2 different types of minerals

Answer 64

Macro minerals | Micro minerals

Question 65

What is needed in higher quantities micro or macro minerals

Answer 65

Maco minerals

Question 66

Do scientists know how many macro minerals you need

Answer 66

No

Question 67

What happens when you loose 10% of water

Answer 67

You die

Question 68

Where are water soluble food stuff absorbed

Answer 68

Gets absorbed in large intestine and waste parts are eliminated in urine

Question 69

What is peristalsis

Answer 69

Muscular movement that pushes food through suggestive track

Question 70

What is emulsify

Answer 70

The action to break apart oil or fat

Question 71

What is the purpose of the vili

Answer 71

To increase surface area of the mucosa of the intestine

Question 72

What and why breakers down fiber

Answer 72

Bacteria breaks down fiber to create B complex vitamins