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Introduction To Microbiology > Nutrition And Growth > Flashcards

Nutrition And Growth Flashcards

1
Q

What are bacteria composed of?

A
  1. 70%-90% water.
  2. 10%-30% dry weight:
    - 50% carbon
    - 12% nitrogen
    - Rest are macronutrients and micronutrients
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2
Q

What is the mnemonic for macronutrients?

A

C HOPKNS Mg Na

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3
Q

What is the role of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen for cells?

A

Source of new cell material.

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4
Q

What is the role of phosphorus?

A

Nucleic acids and phospholipid membrane.

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5
Q

What is the role of potassium?

A

Enzymes.

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6
Q

What is the role of nitrogen?

A

Amino acids, specifically proteins and nucleic acids.

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7
Q

What is the role of sulphur?

A

Amino acids, specifically proteins.

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8
Q

What is the role of calcium?

A

Structure of cell membranes.

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9
Q

What is the role of iron?

A

Respiration and cytochromes.

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10
Q

What is the role of magnesium?

A

Structure of cell membranes.

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11
Q

What is the role of sodium?

A

Used in enzymes.

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12
Q

Define micronutrients.

A

Metals often used in enzymes.

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13
Q

Define growth factors.

A

Vitamins the bacteria cannot make alone.

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14
Q

Define organic nutrients.

A

Composed of carbon and hydrogen.

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15
Q

What are the common organic molecules?

A

Proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

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16
Q

What are some examples of simple organic nutrients?

A
  1. Monosaccharides and amino acids.
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17
Q

What is the simplest organic nutrient?

A

Methane.

18
Q

Define inorganic nutrients.

A

They contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.

19
Q

Where are inorganic nutrients found?

A

In mineral deposits in the Earth’s crust, in bodies of water and in the atmosphere.

20
Q

Where is carbon found?

A

Carbon dioxide from photosynthesis and glucose.

21
Q

Where is hydrogen found?

A

Water and most organic compounds.

22
Q

Where is oxygen found?

A

Atmospheric oxygen or organic molecules.

23
Q

Where is phosphorus found?

A

Buffers in media, rocks and minerals.

24
Q

Where is potassium found?

A

Salts in environment or media.

25
Q

Where is nitrogen found?

A

Inorganic or organic amino acids.

26
Q

Where is sulphur found?

A

Minerals and amino acids.

27
Q

Where is calcium, iron, magnesium and sodium found?

A

Salts in environment or media.

28
Q

Autotrophs use carbon dioxide as a carbon source. What two categories does autotrophs divide into?

A

Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.

29
Q

Heterotrophs use an organic carbon source. What two categories does heterotrophs divide into?

A

Photoheterotrophs and chemoheterotrophs.

30
Q

What is the energy source for photoautotrophs?

A

Sunlight.

31
Q

What is the energy source for chemoautotrophs?

A

Simple inorganic chemicals.

32
Q

What is the energy source for photoheterotrophs?

A

Sunlight.

33
Q

What is the energy source for chemoheterotrophs?

A

Oxidation of organic chemicals.

34
Q

What is the energy produced in photoautotrophs used for?

A

It is used in metabolism and to produce organic molecules.

35
Q

Where about in the food chain do photoautotrophs lie?

A

At the bottom.

36
Q

What is the importance of chemoautotrophs?

A

They recycle inorganic nutrients back to the environment.

37
Q

What are the two cons of gelatin?

A

It isn’t solid at 37 degrees and some bacteria can degrade it.

38
Q

What was the first original solid media?

A

Slices of potato.

39
Q

Where does agar come from?

A

Seaweed.

40
Q

How do you extract agar?

A

Heat seaweed to 95 degrees to melt it, this then solidifies at 45 degrees.

41
Q

What are the three types of culture media?

A
  1. Chemically defined.
  2. Undefined (complex).
  3. Enriched.
42
Q

Define culture media.

A

Nutrient solutions used to grow micro-organisms in the laboratory.

Introduction To Microbiology (14 decks)

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