Nutrition And Growth

Question 1

What are bacteria composed of?

Answer 1

1. 70%-90% water.
2. 10%-30% dry weight:
   - 50% carbon
   - 12% nitrogen
   - Rest are macronutrients and micronutrients

Question 2

What is the mnemonic for macronutrients?

Answer 2

C HOPKNS Mg Na

Question 3

What is the role of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen for cells?

Answer 3

Source of new cell material.

Question 4

What is the role of phosphorus?

Answer 4

Nucleic acids and phospholipid membrane.

Question 5

What is the role of potassium?

Answer 5

Enzymes.

Question 6

What is the role of nitrogen?

Answer 6

Amino acids, specifically proteins and nucleic acids.

Question 7

What is the role of sulphur?

Answer 7

Amino acids, specifically proteins.

Question 8

What is the role of calcium?

Answer 8

Structure of cell membranes.

Question 9

What is the role of iron?

Answer 9

Respiration and cytochromes.

Question 10

What is the role of magnesium?

Answer 10

Structure of cell membranes.

Question 11

What is the role of sodium?

Answer 11

Used in enzymes.

Question 12

Define micronutrients.

Answer 12

Metals often used in enzymes.

Question 13

Define growth factors.

Answer 13

Vitamins the bacteria cannot make alone.

Question 14

Define organic nutrients.

Answer 14

Composed of carbon and hydrogen.

Question 15

What are the common organic molecules?

Answer 15

Proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.

Question 16

What are some examples of simple organic nutrients?

Answer 16

1. Monosaccharides and amino acids.

Question 17

What is the simplest organic nutrient?

Answer 17

Methane.

Question 18

Define inorganic nutrients.

Answer 18

They contain atoms other than carbon and hydrogen.

Question 19

Where are inorganic nutrients found?

Answer 19

In mineral deposits in the Earth’s crust, in bodies of water and in the atmosphere.

Question 20

Where is carbon found?

Answer 20

Carbon dioxide from photosynthesis and glucose.

Question 21

Where is hydrogen found?

Answer 21

Water and most organic compounds.

Question 22

Where is oxygen found?

Answer 22

Atmospheric oxygen or organic molecules.

Question 23

Where is phosphorus found?

Answer 23

Buffers in media, rocks and minerals.

Question 24

Where is potassium found?

Answer 24

Salts in environment or media.

Question 25

Where is nitrogen found?

Answer 25

Inorganic or organic amino acids.

Question 26

Where is sulphur found?

Answer 26

Minerals and amino acids.

Question 27

Where is calcium, iron, magnesium and sodium found?

Answer 27

Salts in environment or media.

Question 28

Autotrophs use carbon dioxide as a carbon source. What two categories does autotrophs divide into?

Answer 28

Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.

Question 29

Heterotrophs use an organic carbon source. What two categories does heterotrophs divide into?

Answer 29

Photoheterotrophs and chemoheterotrophs.

Question 30

What is the energy source for photoautotrophs?

Answer 30

Sunlight.

Question 31

What is the energy source for chemoautotrophs?

Answer 31

Simple inorganic chemicals.

Question 32

What is the energy source for photoheterotrophs?

Answer 32

Sunlight.

Question 33

What is the energy source for chemoheterotrophs?

Answer 33

Oxidation of organic chemicals.

Question 34

What is the energy produced in photoautotrophs used for?

Answer 34

It is used in metabolism and to produce organic molecules.

Question 35

Where about in the food chain do photoautotrophs lie?

Answer 35

At the bottom.

Question 36

What is the importance of chemoautotrophs?

Answer 36

They recycle inorganic nutrients back to the environment.

Question 37

What are the two cons of gelatin?

Answer 37

It isn't solid at 37 degrees and some bacteria can degrade it.

Question 38

What was the first original solid media?

Answer 38

Slices of potato.

Question 39

Where does agar come from?

Answer 39

Seaweed.

Question 40

How do you extract agar?

Answer 40

Heat seaweed to 95 degrees to melt it, this then solidifies at 45 degrees.

Question 41

What are the three types of culture media?

Answer 41

1. Chemically defined. 2. Undefined (complex). 3. Enriched.

Question 42

Define culture media.

Answer 42

Nutrient solutions used to grow micro-organisms in the laboratory.