Nutrition Ch 23 Flashcards by Melissa Orman

Metabolism

Chemical and physical processes in which body cells breakdown and utilize food, water and other chemicals.

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Catabolism

Breaking down phase of metabolism : breaks down substances for energy

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Anabolism

The body uses components to build or reconstruct new components or tissue.

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Nutrients

Come through natural food and artificial substances

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Macronutrients

Protein, Carbs, Fats, Water

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Micronutrients

Vitamins, and Minerals

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What foods have folic acid in them?

Oranges, Orange Juice and Dark green leafy greens

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How much Folic Acid should a pregnant women take ?

200mcg

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What are the recommended requirements for pregnant women?

Folic acid 200mcg, double iron, prenatal vitamins, increase calories to 300 more daily

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How many extra calories should a lactating mother eat?

500

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My Plate

1/2 plate of fruits and veggies and 1/2 plate of grains and proteins with a small amount of dairy

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Define Protein

Primary building blocks of body to make new cells.

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Functions of Protein

New tissue production, necessary components for heat and energy production

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3 types of Protein

Nonessential, conditional and essential

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Define Digestion

Process of breaking down food

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Nonessential amino acids

Produced by liver and are nonessential to our diet

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Essential amino acids

Most important ; body is unable to produce

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Conditional amino acids

Ill or stressed

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Complete Proteins

Contains all 9 essential amino acids and some nonessential : (eggs, cheese, whitefish, and beef.) SOY

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Incomplete Proteins

Does not contain all 9 essential amino acids; comes from plant source.(corn, beans, brown rice and nuts.)

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Severe protein deficiency results in

Kwashiorkor

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2 incomplete proteins make ?

A complete protein-example:(Peanut butter on wheat bread)

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Excess protein can play a role in what?

Worsening of kidney disease

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What is nitrogen balance?

Nitrogen and Protein balanced

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Excess nitrogen is excreted is?

Negative Nitrogen; (causes muscle loss, weight loss, wounds that don’t heal and growth retardation)

What tests are ordered for nitrogen balance?

Blood urea nitrogen and 24H urine test

What produces cholesterol?

Liver

LDL

Transports from liver to cells -BAD-

HDL

Transports back to liver from cells -GOOD_

What test is ordered for cholesterol?

Lipid Panel

Positive Nitrogen

Good for us (growth spurts, and fetus growth)

What is Triglycerides?

Form of fat stored in body but also found in food

Saturated Fats

Comes from animal sources : solid at room temp; raises cholesterol

Monounsaturated

Lowers LDL; good for us ; liquid at room temp

Polyunsaturated

Decreases risk of DM2 and Cardio disease; good for us

Trans Fats

Processed foods ; bad for us

Functions of Fat

Protects our nerves ; converts sunshine to Vit D; helps metabolize fat soluble vitamins

Fat Digestion

Lingual Lipase - begins in mouth Gastric Lipase - breaks down fats Pancreatic Lipase- changes fat molecules absorbed in bloodstream

Excess Carbs leads to?

Obesity

Simple Carbohydrates

Simple Sugars

Complex Carbohydrates

Starches and Fiber

True/False | Carbohydrates serve as the primary source of energy

True

What are the two forms of fiber?

Soluble (Digested) Oatmeal and apples; Insoluble(not digested) greens

What decreases LDL and reduces the risk of CAD and discourages cancer cell growth?

Fiber

How much fiber should an average adult take in daily?

25-35g increase slowly over 2-4 wks

How much Protein should adults take in daily?

50-60g

Sunlight gives us ?

Vitamin D

Normal Flora gives us?

Vitamin K

What are the water soluble vitamins?

B1-B12 and Vit C

What does Vit C do for the body?

Absorbs iron, vital for wound healing and helps immune system

What do B vitamins do for the body?

Stimulate appetite, maintain healthy nervous and integumentary systems

What is another name for B3 and what does it treat?

Niacin ; Hyperlipidemia

What is another name for B6 and what does it prevent?

Pyridoxine; Peripheral Neuropathy

What is another name for B7 and what is it for?

Biotin; nails and hair

What are the Fat soluble Vitamins?

A;D;E;K toxic if take to much ; can be stored in body

What is another name for B9 and what does it do for body?

Folic Acid; prevents neurotubal defects

What does antioxidants do?

Deactivate Free Radicals

What vitamins are known as antioxidants?

Vit A,C,E

What is the most abundant mineral in the body?

Calcium 99% in bones and 1% in blood

Who is at risk for iron deficiency?

Vegetarians unless they eat beans, dried fruit , whole grains or molasses

What foods can you get Vit D from ?

Beef liver; sunlight : Def of can cause Ricketts in children

What foods can you get Vit E from?

Avocados, Asaparagus: Def of can cause Peripheral Neuropathy

How can we take in Vit K?

Made by normal flora, Asaparagus; Helps to clot blood ;Def of can cause excessive bleeding

What food can you get B3 from?

Meat ; Def of can cause excessive flushing

What foods can you get Vit C from?

Citrus Fruits, Strawberries: Def of can cause Scurvy

What is Wilson’s Disease?

Abnormal amount of Copper in body

Calcium

99% found in bone ; deficiency of Bone and tooth loss; excess of Flatus

Iodine

Found in saltwater fish and iodized salt; deficiency of Goiter, weight gain; excess of thyroid cancer

Iron

Found in Molasses and dried fruit; deficiency of Pallor(pale skin); excess of discoloration of skin (yellow)

Potassium

Found in sweet potatoes and skim milk; deficiency of muscle cramping and weakness ; excess of life threatening arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat)

Sodium

Found in salt and processed food ; deficiency of lethargy; excess of edema and fluid retention

What are the functions of water?

1) Maintains body temp 2) Transports minerals, vitamins and electrolytes 3) Cushions the brain and spinal cord 4) Lubricates joints 5) Carries toxins and excreted waste products out of the body 6) Moisturizes and lubricates the GI tract to aid the passage of food through intestines

What do toddlers and Preschoolers need more of and how much do they need?

Diary 2 1/2- 3 cups

What do adolescents need more of and how much?

Protein 5-6 1/2 oz per day

When educating pregnant teens what do you tell them?

25-20lbs weight gain during pregnancy, Proper nutrition along with calcium intake, prenatal vitamins and 3 meals a day with 3 healthy snacks

How is obesity measured ?

BMI- Body Mass Index 18.5-24.9- normal 25-29.9- overweight 30 or greater- obese

Nutrition Ch 23 Flashcards

(76 cards)