Nutrition - Chapter 8

Question 1

Water - the most __ substance in the body.

Answer 1

Abundant.

Question 2

Average health adult is about ___ percent water.

Answer 2

60%.

Question 3

We can only survive __ days without water.

Answer 3

A few.

Question 4

Intracellular Fluids - ___ cells.

Answer 4

Inside.

Question 5

Extracellular Fluids

Answer 5

outside cell.

Question 6

Electrolytes - def

Answer 6

minerals that help maintain fluid balance.

Question 7

Water - acts as a __ solvent and ___ medium.

Answer 7

Universal solvent/transport medium.

Question 8

Water - doesn’t help maintain body temp. T/F?

Answer 8

False - it does!

Question 9

Water is not a lubricant and a cushion. T/F?

Answer 9

False - it is!

Question 10

Water balance : water consumed =

Answer 10

water lost.

Question 11

Insensible water loss =

Answer 11

water loss through evaporation from skin and when you exhale, etc.

Question 12

Dry mouth due to ___ signals the thirst mechanism.

Answer 12

Dry mouth due to increased electrolyte concentration.

Question 13

Osmosis - water moving through a membrane from…

Answer 13

low concentration to high.

Question 14

Daily needs for water - men

Answer 14

16 cups/day, about 13 cups of beverages.

Question 15

Dialy needs for water - women

Answer 15

12 cups/day, about 9 cups of beverages.

Question 16

Minerals - def

Answer 16

inorganic elements needed in relatively small amounts.

Question 17

Major Minerals - needed in amounts > than…

Answer 17

100 mg/day.

Question 18

Trace minerals - needed in amounts < than…

Answer 18

20 mg/day.

Question 19

Chromium and iodine help certain..

Answer 19

hormones.

Question 20

Iron maintains healthy…

Answer 20

RBC’s.

Question 21

Fluoride protects..

Answer 21

teeth.

Question 22

Sodium is an ___.

Answer 22

Electrolyte.

Question 23

About ___ % of sodium consumed is in the form of sodium chloride (table salt.)

Answer 23

90%

Question 24

What does Sodium do?

Answer 24

Regulates fluid balance! It also transports substances such as amino acids across cell membranes.

Question 25

What are the daily needs for Sodium?

Answer 25

1500mg/day for adults under 51.

Question 26

About __ % of sodium consumed by Americans is from processed foods.

Answer 26

77%

Question 27

What is the UL for Sodium?

Answer 27

2300 MG.

Question 28

About 180mg of sodium can cover a ...

Answer 28

penny.

Question 29

Dash Diet - def

Answer 29

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

Question 30

Potassium - what does it do?

Answer 30

Has to do with Fluid balance, it's also a blood buffer, and deals with muscle contraction, and aids on bone health and can lower HBP.

Question 31

Potassium - too much can cause...

Answer 31

hyperkalemia. (irregular heart beats and all that jazz.)

Question 32

Calcium - least abundant mineral in the body. T/F?

Answer 32

False - it is the most abundant!

Question 33

What does Calcium do?

Answer 33

Helps build strong bones, plays a role in muscles, nerves, and blood, etc.

Question 34

What is the daily need for Calcium for 19-50 year olds?

Answer 34

1000 mg.

Question 35

Too little calcium can lead to..

Answer 35

less dense, weakened, brittle bones.

Question 36

Peak bone mass occurs in early adulthood (20's.) T/F?

Answer 36

True!

Question 37

BMD - Bone Mineral density Test...low score =? very low score =?

Answer 37

Low = Osteopenia. | Very Low - Osteoporosis.

Question 38

What are some risk factors for Osteoporosis?

Answer 38

Being female, being caucasian or asian american, being petite, having a family history, being inactive, etc.

Question 39

Phosphorus - Second Most abundant mineral in the body. T/F?

Answer 39

True!

Question 40

Phosphorus - needed for...

Answer 40

bones and teeth.

Question 41

Phosphorus - important component of...

Answer 41

cell membranes.

Question 42

Too little Phosphorus can result in ...

Answer 42

muscle weakness, bone pain, rickets, confusion, death, etc.

Question 43

Magnesium - _th most abundant mineral in the body!

Answer 43

4th.

Question 44

Magnesium - functions.

Answer 44

Helps more than 300 enzymes, including energy metabolism. Used in synthesis of protein. Etc.

Question 45

Many Americans get plenty of Magnesium. T/F?

Answer 45

False - they do not! 70-8-% of Americans fall short of needs for Magnesium.

Question 46

Iron - What are the 2 forms?

Answer 46

Non heme/heme.

Question 47

Heme Iron = | Non-heme iron =

Answer 47

Heme - from animal sources. | Non-heme = from plant sources.

Question 48

What does Iron do?

Answer 48

Part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells - it transports oxygen from lungs to tissues and picks up carbon dioxide from waste.

Question 49

Iron deficiency -

Answer 49

Anemia!

Question 50

Zinc - involved in function of more than ___ enzymes.

Answer 50

100.

Question 51

Zinc - __ synthesis, growth, and development.

Answer 51

DNA synthesis.

Question 52

Zinc - also involved in healthy.....(and something to do with taste!)

Answer 52

immune system and wound healing, and TASTE ACUITY

Question 53

Zinc - deficiency -

Answer 53

hair loss, impaired taste, loss of appetite, diarrhea, rash!

Question 54

Fluoride - protects against...

Answer 54

dental caries.

Question 55

fluoride - also helps repair __ ...

Answer 55

enamel eroded by acids from bacteria.

Question 56

Too little Fluoride - increases risk for...

Answer 56

dental caries.

Question 57

Iodine - needed by thyroid hormone to make...

Answer 57

essential hormones.

Question 58

Iodine - too little can cause....

Answer 58

Goiter!