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Cbg > Nutrition, Diet, Body Weight And Energy Resources > Flashcards

Nutrition, Diet, Body Weight And Energy Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What are the exergonic and endogonic reaction

A

Exergonic would release energy
Endogonic would take in energy

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2
Q

What is the Gibbs’s free energy for an endogonic and an exergonic reaction

A

Exergonic would be less then 0 and so would be spontaneous
Endogonic would be more then 0 so would not be spontaneous

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3
Q

What is creatine phosphate and what is the equation to produce it

A

A store of phosphate in the muscles
Creatine + ATP —— CREATINE KINASE—— creatine phosphate + ADP

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4
Q

How would creatine be a biological marker

A

Different levels within the different muscle
Skeletal: CK-MM is 70% and CK-MB is about 25-30%
Cardiac: CK-MM is 98%
Creatine kinase enzyme would be released when have infarction so can measure these levels

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5
Q

How would creatine kinase be used as a biological marker for myocardial infarction

A

When there is damage, a heart attack for example, would have the enzyme released into the blood stream
The levels of creatine kinase in the blood can then be measured

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6
Q

What type of reaction is catabolism

A

Exergonic as would release energy

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7
Q

What type of reaction is anabolism

A

Endogonic as would require energy

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8
Q

What are the main products of catabolic reactions

A

Biosynthetics (NAD+, FAD+)
Building blocks for growth and repair (amino acids, sugars etc.)
Organic precursors (acetyl CO A)
Energy molecule (ATP)

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9
Q

What vitamin would be needed to make the coenzymes

A

Vitamin C

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10
Q

What is biosynthetic work

A

Anabolism

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11
Q

What is transport work

A

Transport of nutrients
The maintenance of the ion gradient

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12
Q

What are the forms of specialised function work

A

Electrical (impulses)
Mechanical (the muscle movements)
Osmotic work (the kidney function)

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13
Q

What happens to the energy that would be released from the catabolic reactions

A

Would go on to be used for the anabolic reactions

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14
Q

How much energy would be released when a phosphate is removed from ATP

A

-31kj/mol

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15
Q

What would be the high energy signals

A

Anabolism
Processes that would occur when there would be a high level of ATP
Would also have the reduced coenzymes (NADPH, NADH)

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16
Q

What are the low energy signals

A

Catabolism
Processes that would occur when there is a low amount of ATP
Allows more ATP to be produced

17
Q

How does high and low energy signals connect to diabetes

A

Insulin levels would stimulate anabolism
Low amount of insulin stimulates catabolism
Then energy would be released

18
Q

What would adenylate kinase do

A

Allows 2 ADPs to go to ATP and AMP
Would be myokinase in muscles

19
Q

What is creatinine and how would it be used as a biological marker

A

Metabolite of creatine and creatine phosphate
Shows the dilution of the urine
Can compare its levels to other hormones in the urine
Released when have muscle wastage

20
Q

What is the coenzyme responsible for anabolism

A

NADPH/NADP+

21
Q

How do u calculate the BMI

A

BMI : Weight (kg) / heigh (m) squared

22
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins

A

C and B

23
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins

A

A K D E

24
Q

What tissues are interconverters

A

Kidney and liver

25
Q

What tissues would be used for storage

A

Adipose
Liver
Skeletal muscle

26
Q

What is the BMR

A

Basal metabolic rate
Metabolism that would occur at rest

27
Q

What effects the BMR

A

Environmental temperature
Endocrine function (thyroid, reproductive hormones)
Age
Body size (surface area)
Gender

28
Q

What do the tissues do with there nutrients

A

Storage
Inter-conversions
Utilisation (oxidation, producing energy)

29
Q

What is metabolism

A

Process which derives energy from raw materials and would use them for growth, repair and activity

30
Q

What happens to the waste products from metabolism

A

Moves back to the blood from the tissues and would then be removed by the liver or the kidneys

31
Q

What muscles would demand energy from voluntary physical activity

A

Heart
Skeletal
Respiratory

32
Q

What are the consequences of obesity

A

Type 2 diabetes
Hypertension
Cardiovascular disease
Gall bladder disease

33
Q

What happens when you are malnourished

A

Low energy intake
Vitamin Deficiency
Low carb and protein intake
So a,L would lead to loss of weight and weakness

Cbg (10 decks)

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