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From Flashcardlet > Nutrition Final 2014 > Flashcards

Nutrition Final 2014 Flashcards

0
Q

When is iron the number 1 toxicity and deficiency?

A

preschool age kids~ under age of 6

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1
Q

In children, what risks contribute to malnutrition?

A
  • poor appetite for long duration
  • limited variety
  • nutrient-poor foods
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2
Q

How much calcium should children be getting?

A

~1200 mg.

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3
Q

How much fiber do 4-8 then 9-13 year olds need?

A

4-8: 25 g/day

9-13: 26 for girls and 31 for boys

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4
Q

What types of things are children getting an excess nutrition in?

A

Salt, sugar, saturated fats, trans fat, cholestrol, omega 6, protein, calories, energy

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5
Q

What is changing the way the children are eating?

A
  • time
  • food purchasing
  • food prep
  • fast food
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6
Q

Risks of childhood obesity?

A
  • Diabetes
  • CVD
  • Antherosclerosis
  • Gout
  • colorectal cancer
  • cerebrovascular disease
  • Discrimination
  • Stress
  • negative self esteem
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7
Q

How to manage childhood obesity?

A
  • Do things as family
  • Dont completely eliminate junk food
  • teach moderation
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8
Q

In adolescence, nutrition needs should be determined by sexual or biological maturity and not chronological age.

A

.

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9
Q

Why are adolescents vulnerable nutritionally?

A
  • Irregular meals
  • excess snacking on unhealthy foods when meals are skipped
  • Metabolically: 3-6 meals made no difference but 2-3 did. Need at least 3.
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10
Q

What are some bad food habits that adolescents have?

A
  • fast food
  • frequent unhealthy dieting
  • meals are eaten away from home
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11
Q

What nutrients are family meals associated with an increase in?

A

-grains, fruits, veggies, Ca, folate, fiber, Fe, A, C, E, B6, B12

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12
Q

Why is calcium especially important for teens?

A
  • Accelerated growth during this time
  • Absorption if higher than young adults
  • Reaching peak bone mass before its too late
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13
Q

What can lower bone mass density of calcium intake:

A
  • Salt: increases Ca in urine, stripping it from bones
  • Lack of activity
  • soda
  • amenorrhea
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14
Q

What is Amenorrhea? Causes?

A

lack of menstrual cycle for 6 cycles or 1 menstrual cycle in a year. Ca absorption is inhibited when amenorrhea is present.

Causes:

  • low body fat
  • eating disorders
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15
Q

What correlation has been found with soda pop?

A

bone loss in animals has been observed w/ excess phosphourus

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16
Q

What about High Fructose Corn Syrup?

A
  • Safe in small amounts

- safe if kept in the 42 and 55 form, similar to table sugar

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17
Q

What could high fructose consumption affect?

A
  • Energy intake
  • insulin resistance
  • impaired glucose tolerance
  • hypertension
  • alter blood lipids
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18
Q

Metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance

A

.

19
Q

Two types of iron and sources of them?

A

Heme: animals
Nonheme: plant sources

20
Q

who is at risk for iron deficiency?

A
  • older girls
  • pregnant adolescents
  • female athletes
21
Q

risks of iron deficiency and symptoms?

A

Anemia:

  • fatigue
  • impaired body temp
  • decreased exercise capacity
  • lower resistance to infection
  • irritability
  • tired
  • short term memory
22
Q

Terms for the elderly?

A
  • Young-old: 65-74
  • Aged: 75-84
  • Oldest-old: 85+
23
Q

definition of life span?

A

the maximum number of years of life that a human has lived

24
Q

definition of life expectancy?

A

the average length of life projected for a population of a given age

25
Q

Why has our life expectancy increased?

A
  • improvements in infant and child mortality
  • improved living standards
  • improved health care
  • nutrition
  • awareness
26
Q

Benefits of physical fitness in the elderly?

A

increased:

  • range of motion
  • endurance
  • gait velocity
  • muscle tissue
  • metabolic function
27
Q

what leads to weakness and muscle loss in elderly?

A
  • illnes
  • sedentary lifestyle(no activity)
  • nutritional inadequacies
  • aging period!
28
Q

After the body matures fully, the rate of breaking down is greater than the rate of building up.

A

.

29
Q

What age does taste and smell dysfunction begin at?

A

60

30
Q

What makes absorption of food so challenging in the elderly?

A

-Decrease saliva production
-decrease in gastric and pancreatic juices
Because of this necessary nutrients like Ca and B12 are not absorbed.

31
Q

Dry mouth is a common problem among the elderly as well. This can effect oral health

A

.

32
Q

What are some problems associated with GI function in elderly?

A
  • Decrease in lactase
  • decrease in gastric acid
  • Constipation
33
Q

What is the best way to cure constipation?

A

increase bran foods and more water, fructose, prunes, exercise, yogurt.

34
Q

What can help increase glucose tolerance?

A

Good diet and exercise

35
Q

Why does the resting metabolic rate decrease for elderly?

A
  • change in body composition

- reduction of physical activity

36
Q

how can you help lower blood pressure?

A
  • less salt
  • omega 3’s
  • calcium
  • plant foods
  • vit. D
  • potassium
  • magnesium
37
Q

what nutrients are typically inadequate in the elderly?

A
  • Protien
  • B-2
  • B-6
  • B-12
  • Folate
  • Vit. C
  • zinc
  • lutein and zeaxanthin(Carotenoids and phytochemicals)
38
Q

What are good sources of lutein and zeaxanthin?

A

Eggs, plants, corn, peas, or anything that is yellow

39
Q

protein needs increase in the elderly!!

A

.

40
Q

Why do the elderly have problems with their calcium levels?

A

less vit. d and acid which helps break it down and absorb.

41
Q

why are the elderly deficient in Vit. D?

A
  • colesterol in skin goes down
  • less exposure to sunlight
  • poor intake
42
Q

why are elderly at risk for dehydration?

A
  • decreased kidney function
  • reduced thirst
  • diminshed water conservation
  • Meds
43
Q

How do pressure ulcers occur and what nutrients are needed?

A

occur when bony portrusions on skin are layed on and the increased pressure decreases blood flow.
-deficient in zinc, vit. c, protein, vit.a,vit.d

44
Q

Risk factors associated with osteoporosis?

A 
Top 3: Estrogen, calcium, weight bearing
decreased estrogen levels
-family history
-female
-white
-petite
-age
-lack of exercise
-certain medications
45
Q

How to prevent osteoporosis?

A
  • estrogen
  • weight bearing exerise
  • good diet
46
Q

achievement of peak bone mass during early adulthood is probably the most important factor in later maintenance.

A

.

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