Nutrition Ch.6 Protein Flashcards
How many amino acids are essential and what does that mean?
9 and they cannot be produced by our bodies
Bond that joins amino acids together?
peptide bonds
Functions of proteins?
- cell growth, repair, maintenance
- pH balance of blood
- blood clotting
- fluid and electrolyte balance
- building blocks for hormones and enzymes
- antibodies to protect against disease
- provide energy
How do we maintain fluid and electrolyte balance?
Blood proteins like albumin and globulins maintain flow and make blood pressure
Differences between hormones and enzymes?
hormones are the regulators and messengers while enzymes are the work horses.
what happens to proteins as they move through the digestive tract?
Goes to stomach where acid denatures protein and pepsin attacks peptide bonds. then it moves to the small intestine where proteases breaks it downs to single amino acids, dipeptides, tripeptides. Then its absorbed.
What happens in our bodies if too much is taken in?
can damage kidneys and can be stored in fat cells.
what factors determine protein quality?
is it digestible and does it contain all the essential amino acids.
what is difference between complete and incomplete?
Plant foods are incomplete while animal foods are complete.
what are complementary proteins?
two proteins that work together to provide all 9 essential amino acids.
what is mutual supplementation?
combining two incomplete proteins together to make a complete protein.
what factors impact how much we need?
body size, activity level, age, health status
what population requires more in the diet?
anyone building new cells and tissues and vegatarians and vegans.
AMDR for protein?
10-35% of total energy intake
How many grams of protein per kilogram of body weight should be consumed?
0.8 g/kg
