Nutrition for Chronically Ill Adult

Question 1

What is anthropometry?

Answer 1

The measurement of physical dimensions and composition of the body

Question 2

What do they measure in the biochemical test?

Answer 2

Serum proteins, hemoglobin, and lipid profile

Question 3

What does the clinical test detect?

Answer 3

Signs and symptoms of malnutrition

Question 4

What are dietary methods?

Answer 4

Surveys to measure the quantity of food consumed over a period of time.

Question 5

What are two types of dysphagia?

Answer 5

Oropharyngeal

Esophageal

Question 6

How do you assess for dysphagia?

Answer 6

Modified barium swallow

Question 7

Who performs the modified barium swallow?

Answer 7

Speech or Occupational Therapy

Question 8

What is esophageal dysphagia?

Answer 8

Food or liquid stops in the esophagus

Question 9

What is oropharyngeal dysphagia?

Answer 9

Difficulty moving food to the back of the mouth and initiating swallowing

Question 10

What are some causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia?

Answer 10

Brain or nerve disorders

Question 11

In which type of dysphagia are liquids harder to swallow than solids?

Answer 11

Oropharyngeal dysphagia

Question 12

How many levels are there in the dysphagia diet?

Answer 12

5

Question 13

What are the levels in the dysphagia diet?

Answer 13

1. Pureed-mostly liquid
2. Minced-0.625 in.
3. Ground-0.25 in.
4. Chopped-0.5 in.
   5-Regular

Question 14

When is the mechanical soft diet used?

Answer 14

When people can’t chew for multiple reasons.

Question 15

What is the mechanical soft diet?

Answer 15

Meats are ground if not already in a form which is easily chewed.

Question 16

What is not allowed in the mechanical soft diet?

Answer 16

Raw fruits and vegetables
Nuts
Seeds

Question 17

When is the low bacteria diet used?

Answer 17

When a person is immunosuppressed or compromised

Question 18

Why is cirrhosis used?

Answer 18

To promote liver regeneration, nutritional repletion, and prevent hepatic encephalopathy

Question 19

High calorie and high protein diet is prescribed in cirrhosis is used unless what develops?

Answer 19

Encephalopathy

Question 20

When should fat be limited?

Answer 20

If steatorrhea or jaundiced occurs

Question 21

When should sodium and fluid be restricted?

Answer 21

If ascites and/or edema present

Question 22

What should always be avoided in cirrhosis?

Answer 22

Alcohol

Question 23

In hepatic encephalopathy what is the diet designed to do?

Answer 23

Prevent tissue catabolism, ammonia production, and promote liver regeneration

Question 24

If someone has hepatic encephalopathy and ascites are present what should be avoided?

Answer 24

Sodium and fluid

Question 25

What should be monitored if taking potassium diuretics?

Answer 25

Serum potassium

Question 26

When is a fat restricted diet used?

Answer 26

Gallbladder disease

Question 27

When will MCT (medium chain triglycerides) be indicated in a fat restricted diet?

Answer 27

If steatorrhea is present

Question 28

What is steatorrhea?

Answer 28

Excess fat in feces

Question 29

How often does an American have a heart attack?

Answer 29

34 seconds

Question 30

Is coconut allowed in a fat restricted diet?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

What it the max amount of grams allowed in bread, rice, pasta, ready to eat cereal in a fat restricted diet?

Answer 31

2 grams

Question 32

What are "Life's Simple 7"?

Answer 32

``` Stop smoking Lose weight Get active Eat better Manage blood pressure Control cholesterol Reduce blood sugar ```

Question 33

How much fish a week should you have in a heart healthy diet?

Answer 33

3.5 ounces

Question 34

How many grams of sodium should you have in a heart healthy diet?

Answer 34

<1500 mg per day

Question 35

What does TLC stand for?

Answer 35

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes

Question 36

What does NHLBI stand for?

Answer 36

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Question 37

When is the TLC diet for cholesterol recommended?

Answer 37

High LDL Lipid disorders Coronary heard disease or other CVD Diabetes, metabolic syndrome

Question 38

What kind of diet can aid in the control of HTN and the loss of body water?

Answer 38

Sodium controlled

Question 39

When is the sodium controlled diet used?

Answer 39

CVD, renal disease, edema, and ascites

Question 40

How much sodium is recommended for short term use?

Answer 40

250mg and 500mg

Question 41

What is the typical amount of restriction do you see in a sodium controlled diet?

Answer 41

1-2 grams

Question 42

When are processed foods allowed in a sodium controlled diet?

Answer 42

If they are modified to be in low sodium

Question 43

What is the typical meal for a sodium controlled diet?

Answer 43

``` Low sodium meat and potato Vegetable or salad Bread Fruit Milk ```

Question 44

What does the DASH diet stand for?

Answer 44

Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension

Question 45

What does the DASH diet put an emphasis on?

Answer 45

Fruits, vegetables, whole-grain breeds, fat-free/low fat dairy, lean meats, and nuts

Question 46

What diet is used when a patient has diverticular disease?

Answer 46

High fiber

Question 47

If a patient has diverticular disease and is on a high fiber diet what may not be tolerated?

Answer 47

Nuts and seeds

Question 48

What are the two types of fiber?

Answer 48

Soluble | Insoluble

Question 49

Which type of fiber is good for someone who wants to lose weight?

Answer 49

Soluble

Question 50

Which type of fiber adds bulk to the stool?

Answer 50

Insoluble

Question 51

What is special about a renal diet?

Answer 51

It is very individualized

Question 52

If someone is on predialysis what are 3 things that are restricted?

Answer 52

Protein, Phosphorus, Calcium

Question 53

What is restricted/lowered if someone is on hemodialysis/peritoneal dialysis?

Answer 53

Sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and calcium

Question 54

What are some key points in the diabetic diet guidelines?

Answer 54

Avoid concentrated sweets Know sources of carbohydrates Limit high-fat meals

Question 55

If on a high protein, high calorie diet what do you eat extra portions of?

Answer 55

Meat, milk, cheese

Question 56

When is a high protein, high calorie diet used?

Answer 56

In burn and malnourished patients

Question 57

Where is it more dangerous to gain weight on the body?

Answer 57

Above the waist

Question 58

What is the leanest state?

Answer 58

Colorado

Question 59

How much weight should a person with a BMI 27-35 lose in a week?

Answer 59

0.5-1 pound

Question 60

How can you lose one pound a week?

Answer 60

Decrease your caloric intake by 500 calories a day