Nutrition Module 1: Introduction Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the definition of nutrition?
Nutrition is “the study of nutrients in food, how the body uses them, and the relationship between diet, health, and disease.” It describes how what we eat affects our body’s cellular processes, and how nutrient deficiencies or excesses can lead to changes in bodily function.
What are the two main types of metabolic reactions?
- Catabolic Reactions – Break down large molecules into smaller ones, releasing energy in the form of ATP.
- Anabolic Reactions – Join small molecules to create larger ones, using ATP to build new molecules, cells, and tissues.
What are some hormones that regulate catabolic reactions?
• Cortisol – Increases blood glucose by breaking down fats and proteins.
• Glucagon – Stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver.
• Adrenaline (epinephrine) – Increases heart and respiratory rate, promoting molecule breakdown and glucose release.
What are some hormones that regulate anabolic reactions?
• Growth Hormone – Stimulates cell, tissue, and bone growth.
• Insulin-like Growth Factor – Promotes muscle and bone growth while inhibiting apoptosis.
• Insulin – Promotes glucose uptake and storage.
• Testosterone – Increases muscle mass and strengthens bones.
• Estrogen – Increases fat deposition (around organs, between muscles, in breast tissue).
What is metabolic rate?
Metabolic rate is the amount of energy used to maintain life and bodily functions. It is influenced by the sum of all catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body.
What is energy balance?
Energy balance is the relationship between energy in (food and drink intake) and energy out (calories used by the body for metabolism and daily functions). It determines whether weight is lost, gained, or remains the same.
What are the three “destinations” of stored energy from food?
- Work – Energy for daily physical activities, sleep, digestion.
- Heat – Byproduct of “burning” stored energy.
- Storage – When excess energy is consumed, it is stored.
Why is energy balance important beyond weight management?
Energy balance affects cellular function, metabolism, hormonal balance, and mood. Both positive and negative energy balances can lead to significant health consequences.
What are the effects of a Negative Energy Balance (NEB)?
• Decline in metabolism
• Decreased bone mass
• Lowered thyroid hormones
• Reduced testosterone
• Difficulty concentrating
• Decreased physical performance
• Weight loss due to fat reserves being used for energy
What are the effects of a Positive Energy Balance?
• Weight gain
• Plaque build-up in arteries
• Increased blood pressure and cholesterol
• Insulin resistance → risk of developing diabetes
• Decreased cellular fitness and health
What is the role of nutrition in massage therapy?
Nutrition plays an indirect role by enhancing massage benefits through improved energy, hormonal stability, and recovery. Clients often ask about nutrition, especially as it becomes a more popular topic.
Can RMTs give nutrition advice or create dietary plans?
No. Nutritional counselling is outside the RMT scope of practice according to the CMTO. RMTs can only answer basic nutrition-related questions if confident in their knowledge but must refer out for anything specific, including disorders or prescriptions.
Who can legally provide nutritional advice in Ontario?
Only regulated professionals such as registered dieticians, naturopaths, or holistic nutritionists registered with their respective colleges can provide nutritional advice or prescribe supplements.
What is the difference between a dietician and a nutritionist in Ontario?
• Dietician: A protected title, must have formal education and be registered with the College of Dieticians of Ontario.
• Nutritionist: Not a protected title in Ontario (anyone can call themselves a nutritionist), though it is protected in Alberta, Quebec, Nova Scotia, and PEI.
What should RMTs do if a patient asks for nutritional advice beyond their scope?
RMTs should refer the patient to a professional such as a registered dietician if the question is specific, requests a nutritional prescription, or involves a nutritional disorder.
