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peds > nutrition part 1 > Flashcards

nutrition part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is adequate nutrition essential for

A

growth and development

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2
Q

what should you consider when assessing the nutritional status of all children

A
  • age
  • gender
  • exercise level
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3
Q

what are some conditions in which a child may require special intake requirements

A
  • food allergies
  • CF
  • cerebral palsy
  • cancer
  • diabetes
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4
Q

describe growth during infancy

A
  • extremely fast growth rate
  • birth weight doubled by 4-6 months
  • birth weight tripled by 1 year of age
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5
Q

what are the AAP reccomendations for infant feeding

A
  • exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months, continue and therafter until 2 years old or beyond, as mutually desired by mother and child
  • infants who are not breastfed or partially breastfed should receive an iron fortified formula from birth to 12 months
  • only breastmilk or formula in a bottle unless otherwise directed by HCP
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6
Q

what are some benefits of breastmilk

A
  • enhance brain deveopment
  • easily digested
  • fosters immune defense provides psychological benefits
  • changes as infant does
  • colostrum (first milk) stimulates gut to facilitate meconium
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7
Q

should you put a kid to bed with a bottle/prop the bottle

A

nope

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8
Q

should you give a kid under 6 months water/juice

A

nope they dont need that shit

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9
Q

what does breastmilk protect against

A
  • otitis media and respiratory infections
  • diarrhea
  • type 1 and 2 diabetes
  • obesity and high blood pressure
  • asthma, atopic dermatitis
  • childhood leukemia
  • SIDS
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10
Q

does breastfeeding just come naturally

A

nope its a learned skill that takes about 2 weeks to establish

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11
Q

what is milk production based on

A

supply and demand

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12
Q

how long does it take to digest breast milk

A

2-3 hours

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13
Q

true or false

AAP views breastfeeding as a public health imperative and as an equity issue

A

true

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14
Q

can everyone breastfeed?

A

nope and not everyone can maintain it for as long as desired

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15
Q

how often should the infant breastfeed

A
  • infant fed in demand
  • at least 8-12 times in 24 hours
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16
Q

describe formula

A
  • milk based, modified to closely resemble the nutritional content of human milk
  • many types of formula: milk based, soy, allergy
  • ready to feed (most expensive, no need to add water)
  • concentrate (second most expensive)
  • powdered
17
Q

what should all babaies be supplemented with and what does it prevent

A

vitamin D

prevents rickets

18
Q

describe bottle feeding

A
  • need to hold baby while bottle feeding
  • no sleeping with a bottle, increases risk of otitis media and promotes dental caries
  • no cereal in bottle unless ordered, it doesnt help em sleep any betetr and may lead to high BMI
19
Q

describe the diet of the 6-12month onld

A

primary source is breast milk or iron fortified formula and everything else should be complementary

no cows milk

20
Q

what are some concerns about feeding an infant cows milk

A
  • may cause GI bleeding and ulcerations
  • interferes with absorption of nutrients
  • high solute load that immature kidneys have trouble excreting
21
Q

describe introduction of complementary foods

A
  • AAP reccommendation is 6 moths bc of the decreasin extrusion reflex

infant can:
- sit well with support, has head and neck control
- begin to appreciate texture
- swallow non liquid foods
- indicate desire for food and when they are full
- chewing movements

22
Q

describe the extrusion reflex

A
  • tongue thrusting
  • helps push food out of mouth to avoid choking
  • outgrown when child is ready for solids
23
Q

name and describe some complementary food considerations

A

start at 6 months
- single ingredient fruits, veggies, grains, and meats in any order
- start 1 food at a time and give over 2-3 days before adding another food to help pinpoint ay food sensitivities/allergies

find balance between constipating and laxative foods
- constipating: rice cereal, bananas
- laxative: prunes, pears, peaches, and apricots

common allergenic foods exposure beginning around 6 months
- peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, and eggs
- kids with moderate-severe eczema, have known allergy, or strong fam hx of allergies are considered high risk and pediatrician or allergist should be consulted

no honey before 12 months of age
- high risk of infant botulism due to honey being unpasteurized

24
Q

describe feeding the infant

A
  • finger foods (when they sit independently and maintain balance, 6-8mo)
  • sippy cup
  • never force child to eat
  • AAP says no juice in bottles and not in easily transportable covered cups that allows them to consume juice easily throughout the day
25
Q

how can you avoid choking the infant

A
  • avoid popcorn, nuts, whole peanuts, chips, raisins, raw veggies, whole grapes, peanut butter, hot dogs
  • supervise eating
26
Q

what are early chilhood caries

A
  • presence of one or more decayed, lost, or filled tooth surface in primary tooth from birth to six years of age
  • happens when toddlers/infants sleep with bottle of juice or milk
  • can cause a lot of pain and interfere with eating
  • concern for systemic infection in severe cases
27
Q

describe prevention of child dental caries

A
  • smear or (grain of rice size) of toothpaste when teeth start coming in, continue until age 3 then pea sized amount
  • no water to rinse (likely to swallow and spit out)
  • spit without rinsing
  • fluoride varnish at least Q6 months
  • establish a dental home by 12 months
28
Q

describe toddler nutrition

A
  • high metabolic rate begins to slow
  • display physiologic anorexia
  • need variety of healthy foods including sliced meats, cheese, and fruits and veggies
  • three meals, two snacks
  • whole milk up to age 2
29
Q

how much milk should a toddler consume in one day?

A

16-24oz

30
Q

how much milk is too much for a toddler

A

one quart (32oz)

may lead to obesity
may develop iron deficiency anemia

31
Q

how much juice is too much for a toddler

A

4-6oz per day

32
Q

healthy ways to serve food to toddlers include which of the folowing?

1) establishing a pattern of sitting at the table for meals
2) permitting nutritious snacking in place of meals
3) allowing some simple choices

A

establishing a pattern of sitting at the table for meals

allowing some simple choices

33
Q

describe preschooler nutrition

A
  • making more food choice on their own
  • enjoy food prep and table setting

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