Nutrition Support

Question 1

Tube feedings made from common ingredients
such as eggs, sugar, and wine have been used
since the 1500s, and blenderized tube feedings
(BTF) were used in the United States throughout
the first half of the twentieth century (Vassilyadi,
2013).

Clinicians often are concerned about nutritional

adequacy, food safety, and the additional burden
preparation of BTF places on the caregivers

(Malone, 2005).

Answer 1

Blenderized (Homemade) Tube Feedings

Question 2

cost effectiveness,
health benefits from using whole foods, and ability
to tailor the formula exactly to patient needs.

Answer 2

Advantages of BTF

Question 3

The social bond between the caregiver who
prepares the feeding (possibly from foods served to
the rest of the family) and the patient also is cited
as a strong driver for

Answer 3

BTF use.

Question 4

BTF are contraindicated for patients who are

Answer 4

immunocompromised, for infusion through tubes
smaller than 10 French, for continuous feeding
(unless the formula hangs for < or equal to 2 hours),
if fluid restriction of less than 900 ml/day is required,
in cases of multiple food allergies, and if a
jejunostomy tube (JT) is used (Novak, 2009).

Question 5

Some state regulations prohibit use of BTF in

Answer 5

long-term care facilities

Question 6

provides nutrients directly into the bloodstream
intravenously. is indicated when the patient or
individual is unable or unwilling to take adequate
nutrients orally or enterally.

Answer 6

Parenteral Nutrition (PN)

Question 7

may be the sole source of nutrition
during recovery from illness or injury or may be a
life-sustaining therapy for patients who have lost the
function of their intestine for nutrient absorption.

Answer 7

PN

Question 8

After the patient has been deemed to require nutrition
support via the parenteral route, the clinician must choose
between _____ and _____ access.

Answer 8

central and peripheral

Question 9

refers to catheter tip placement in a
large, high-blood-flow vein such as the superior vena
cava; this is ____

Answer 9

central access, central parenteral nutrition (CPN).

Question 10

refers to catheter
tip placement in a small vein, typically in the hand

or forearm.

Answer 10

Peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN)

Question 11

The _______of the PN solution
dictates the location of the catheter;
central catheter placement allows for the
higher caloric PN formulation and
therefore greater ____

Answer 11

osmolarity

Question 12

The use of PPN is limited: it is short-term therapy
and therefore has a minimum effect on nutritional
status because the type and amount of fluids that
can be provided peripherally are limited and most
often do not fully meet nutrition requirements.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

Volume-sensitive patients such as those with
cardiopulmonary, renal, or hepatic failure are
good candidates for PPN.

Answer 13

FALSE, are not

Question 14

Calculation of the osmolarity of a parenteral
solution is important to ensure

Answer 14

venous tolerance.

Question 15

____, or mOsm/ml, is used to calculate IV
fluids rather than ____, which is used for body
fluids.

Answer 15

Osmolarity, osmolality

Question 16

As with enteral feeding, routine monitoring of PN is
necessary more frequently for the patient receiving
PN in the hospital. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

For patients receiving HPN, initial monitoring is
done on a____ basis or less frequently as the
patient becomes more stable on PN. Monitoring is
done not only to evaluate response to therapy but
also to ensure compliance with the treatment plan.

Answer 17

WEEKLY

Question 18

The primary complication associated with PN is

Answer 18

infection

Question 19

Electrolytes, acid-base balance, glucose
tolerance, renal function, and
cardiopulmonary and hemodynamic stability
(maintenance of adequate blood pressure)
can be affected by PN and should be
monitored carefully. TRUE OR FALSE

Answer 19

TRUE