Nutrition Vocab Flashcards
(26 cards)
7 nutrients
Carbohydrate, protein, lipids, vitamins, minerals, fibre/roughage (not a nutrient), water
Nutrition definition
The taking in of raw nutrients which are organic substances (carbon containing molecules) and mineral ions (inorganic), containing raw materials or energy for growth & tissue repair, absorbing and assimilating them
Organic substances
Carbon containing molecules e.g. fats, oils, proteins, starch, sugars
Inorganic substances
Non-carbon containing molecules e.g. Mineral ions i.e. chloride ions, potassium ions, iron ions, bicarbonate (exception)
Autotrophic/Heterotrophic nutrition
A) organisms synthesise (combine components to form a connected whole) the organic minerals they require from inorganic sources
B) organisms digest organic compounds to provide the nutrients they require
Simple sugars (monosaccharides)
Simplest form of carbohydrates (monomers) e.g. glucose monomers joined to form starch/cellulose
Disaccharides
A carbohydrate composed of 2 monosaccharides
Complex sugars (polysaccharides) (cellulose/starch/glycogen)
Polymeric carbohydrate molecules (long chains of monosaccharides bound together by glycosidic bonds)
Benedict’s test
Reducing sugars: blue (none) < brick red (lots)
Iodine test
Starch: orange - blue/black
Amino acids, polypeptides (collagen, haemoglobin, hormones, insulin)
Organic compounds which form protein (b: chains of amino acids)
Biuret test
Protein: copper sulphate solution + sodium hydroxide = blue - purple
Glycerol, fatty acids (insulation, buoyancy)
Products of lipase with substrate lipids
Ethanol/emulsion test
Lipids: clear - cloudy/milky-white/emulsion
Cholesterol, saturated & unsaturated fats
A) organic molecule
B) (saturated - unable to dissolve anything more) fat consisting of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids (no double bonds between individual carbons)
C) at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
Essential nutrient for healthy tissues/membranes/tissue repair/absorbing iron in gut/producing collagen (40% protein in human body
Deficiency = scurvy (bleeding gums, tooth loss, bruises)
Vitamin D
Essential nutrient, regulates calcium and phosphate in body
Deficiency = rickets (weak/misshapen bones + teeth, hearing problems (bones need calcium support)
Malnutrition
Taking in the wrong quantities of each of the nutrients
Deficiency diseases e.g. scurvy, rickets, anaemia
Diseases caused by an insufficient amount of a specific nutrient
Starvation
Not taking in enough food/energy for the amount of energy you need
Obesity
Consuming more food/energy than you need causing fat storages/cholesterol to build up
Constipation
Not having enough fibre (gives bulk to food) to aid peristalsis (muscle contractions in intestines) and making food harder to digest, putting strain on your digestive system
Solvent
Solute
Solution
A) dissolves other solutes
B) substances dissolved in solvents
C) mixture (solutes dissolved in solvents)
Peristalsis
Muscle contractions in the gut
