Nutritional and IV Therapies Flashcards
Enteral nutrition
Giving nutrients into the gastrointestinal (GI) tract through a feeding tube.
◂Gavage is the process of giving a tube feeding.
◂Tube feedings replace or supplement normal nutrition.
Nasogastric (NG) tube
Feeding tube is inserted through the nose into the stomach.
◂Nasoenteral tube
Feeding tube is inserted through the nose into the small bowel.
◂Gastrostomy tube
(stomach tube)—Doctor surgically creates an opening in the stomach and a tube is inserted.
Jejunostomy tube
Feeding tube is inserted into a surgically created opening in the jejunum of the small intestine.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube
Doctor inserts the feeding tube with an endoscope.
Formulas
○The doctor orders the type of formula, the amount to give, and when to give tube feedings.
○Formula is given at room temperature.
Scheduled feedings (intermittent feedings) are given at certain times.○
■At least four feedings are given each day.
■The nurse uses a syringe or a feeding bag.
Continuous feedings
are given over 24 hours.
■A feeding pump is used.
Aspiration
Breathing fluid, food, vomitus, or an object into the lungs
Parenteral nutrition
is giving nutrients through a catheter inserted into a vein.
◂Often called total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or hyperalimentation
Intravenous therapy (IV infusion)
is giving fluids through a needle or catheter inserted into a vein.
Peripheral IV sites
are away from the center of the body
Central IV sites
are close to the heart.
Central venous sites are used:
◂For parenteral nutrition
◂To give large amounts of fluid
◂For long-term IV therapy
◂To give drugs that irritate peripheral veins
