Nutritional Animia Flashcards by Dana E

anemia is defined

hemoglobin (Hb) levels <120 g/L in women and <130 g/L in men

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Anemia affects ……

tissue oxygenation

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Animia leads to ….

Organ Dysfunction

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Clinical Consequences Of Anemia Depend On:

Hemoglobin level
The rapidity with which anemia developes
Age of the patient
Compensatory mechanisms of the body

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What are Anemia Causes

● Blood Loss Anemia
● Decreased Production:
-Nutritional deficiency anemias - Iron, B12, Folate
- Marrow disease, malignancy, radiation
● Increased Destruction: 
-Hemolytic anemia

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What are the Requirements for Red Blood Cell Production

● Erythropoeitin
● Amino acids, required for globin synthesis
● Iron
● Vitamin B12 and folic acid
● Vitamin B6
● Vitamin C
● Thyroid hormones, estrogens and androgens

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Definition – Nutritional Anemia

A condition in which the hemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal as a result of a deficiency of one or more essential nutrients

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…..The commonest type of anemia worldwide

Iron deficiency anemia

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Cause Iron deficiency anemia is ….

low iron stores in the body

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….important for heme synthesis in hemoglobin molecule

Iron

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Heme iron found in …

Meat, fish, liver

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Non-heme iron found in …

Vegetables

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Iron absorbed in the ….

Duodenum

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The majority of this iron (Above 2 grams Or 2000 mg) is…..

circulating the body inside the RBCs within

the hemoglobin molecules

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The 2nd most important place for iron is in the

liver

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how much of the ingested iron is absorbed ?

10-20%

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how can the iron losset ?

Each day your body loses iron through desquamated cells shedding and so on

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what gonna happen to the iron level if a person doesn’t keep eating iron

the shedding of iron alone will make him

deficient

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after rbcs life spane what gonna happen to their iron?

RBCs die they die on macrophage and it keeps the iron
until it’s either stored in the liver or it’s manufactured again as new hemoglobin molecule. So some
iron is in the reticuloendothelial system and a little bit of iron is utilized in other tissues like
myoglobin

what happened after the iron absorbed?

transfirrin:. In the plasma transferrin carries iron and
delivering it either to the bone marrow to function and work in synthesizing hemoglobin for RBCs or deliver it to liver to storage as
ferritin: the main
form of stored iron

what is the importance of ferriportin?

blocks the
entry of iron
through
ferroportin. It
blocks iron
absorption
when it’s not
needed
anymore.

Production of hepcidin is regulated by…

iron

what happened when iron is deficient

hepatocytes produce less or no

hepcidin, allowing more iron to enter plasma.

what happened to the patients who went
through a lot of blood
transfusions?

they build up
iron in the body, increasing
hepcidin

mention the causes of iron defecincy anemia ?????

``` ● Blood loss - Gastrointestinal tract - Genitourinary tract ● Inadequate Intake -Insufficient dietary iron ● Impaired Absorption - Gastric surgery - Intestinal malabsorption -Celiac disease ● Increased Iron Requirements - Pregnancy and lactation ```

what happened if theBreast milk is deficient in iron. If kids take only brats milk without other sources of food?

develop iron deficiency

what is the problem with gastric bypass?

a part of the stomach is removed so part of the place where iron is absorbed is removed, also the acidity of the stomach which help in absorption is removed, leading to the deficiency if they don’t take supplements

what are the symptoms of amenia ?

● Tiredness (fatigue) ● Dyspnea on exertion ● Headaches ● Palpitations

what are the clinical featers of iron defecincy anemia ??

- Pallor | - and others in slide 19

The best laboratory indicator of body iron stores is the serum ...

ferritin level

mention the Management of IDA

Replacement therapy | ferrous sulfate or gluconate

- CausesMegaloblastic Anemia- are 3 mention

1: vit B12 deficiency 2: folate deficiency 3: Abnormalities of their metabolism

vitamin b12 called ...

Cobalamine

vitamin b12 found in ....only

meat milk egg and pultry shellfish

B12 / Cobalamin Deficiency- Causes are

``` ● Inadequate intake (vegans) ● Gastric failure - Pernicious anemia - Total gastrectomy ● Ileal failure - Crohn’s dis - Ileal resection - Tropical sprue ● Competing organisms - Fish tapeworm - Bacterial overgrowth (blind loop) ```

..... is (Helper of vit B12)

folic acid

``` .....is also important for the closure of the neural tube in fetuses ```

foate

Spina bifida due to

folate deficiency

what are folat defecincy causes ???/

``` ● Folate-poor diet - Alcoholism - Severe poverty ● Increased folate requirement - Pregnancy - Hemolytic anemia ● Drug therapy ● Malabsorption ```

Clinical Features of Megalomaniac Anemia are

``` Fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, loss of appetite, fever, sore tongue and jaundice ```

B12 Deficiency- CNS Manifestations | Neurologic are

-Parasthesias -Peripheral neuropathy -Demyelination of dorsal columns and corticospinal tract

Psychiatric pioblems could happen are ...

● Irritability, personality change | ● Mild memory impairment, dementia

Pernicious Anemia are ...

Autoantibodies attacks the IFs thus no absorption | of B12 occurs

``` Pernicious Anemia (PA) signs and Symptoms ```

``` Red beefy tongue Pernicious Anemia (PA) signs and Symptoms Early graying of hair Vitiligo ```

Begin treatment with both B12 and folate [ ]

Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency?

Oral cobalamin | Parenteral cobalamin

Treatment of Folate Deficiency?

Treat underlying cause | Oral folate supplementation