Nutritional Assessment Flashcards
(37 cards)
Name the core components of the nutritional assessment
A= Anthropometric values B= Biochemical markers C= Clinical signs D= Dietary intake
Anthropometric values
assessment of weight, recent wt loss/gain, linear growth velocities (in children), height, BMI, lean mass, fat mass, bone mass
Biochemical markers
markers of nutritional status: discrete nutrients in serum/tissue/urine, functional proteins, enzymes, metabolic by-products.
Clinical signs of nutritional compromise
Skin, hair, eyes, eyelids, mouth, lips, tongue, nail beds, muscle fat stores.
Marasmus
a total caloric deficit, manifests as stunted growth, severely depleted fat/muscle stores, baggy/wrinkled skin, constipation, dry/ thin/brittle hair, lethargy, pressure sores.
Kwashiorkor
a protein energy malnutrition leading to edema, dry/peeling skin, hair discoloration (red/yellow), liver enlargement/ascites, cognitive delays and mental retardation.
Vitamin A deficiency
visual loss, decreased night vision, blindness, dry eyes which may lead to xerophthalmia (dry eyes), Bitot’s spots, eye inflammation/infection, respiratory/urinary infection, compromised growth, and rough/dry skin.
Iron deficency
tired, weak, SOB, pale tongue/eyelids/nailbeds, cupping of fingernails, poor work performance
Vitamin D deficiency
signs include rickets: delayed fontanelle closures, parietal/frontal bossing, bowing of legs, enlarged wrists, rachitic rosary (knobby appearing anterior ribs), impaired mobility, pathologic fractures, immune-compromised.
My Plate Nutrition Guide
Mediterranean Meal Plan
- Mostly plant-based foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts
- Replace butter with olive oil
- Use herbs/spices instead of salt to flavor foods
- Limit red meat to no more than a few times a month
- Eat fish/poultry at least twice a week
- Drink red wine in moderation (optional)
DASH Diet
Dietary Approaches to Stop HTN
Most successul diet in NIH studies, associated with weight loss, lower BP, improved cholesterol profile, reduced CVD, CA, and DM risk, retention of bone minerals
What is EAR?
Estimated Average Requirement; the median requirement for a group of healthy individuals
What is RDA?
Recommended Dietary Allowance; 2 standard deviations above the EAR; meets 98% of healthy individuals; used to establish dietary goals
What is AI?
Adequate Intake; meets/exceeds needs of a life stage/gender group; habitual intake at this level has low probability of inadequate intake; based on approximations of nutrient needs
What is UI?
Tolerable Upper Limit; highest average daily nutrient intake likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects for almost all in population
What are the 3 macronutrients?
Carbohydrate, Fat, Protein
What is the estimate energy requirement for a moderately active man or woman age 31-50?
Women: 2000 kcal/day
Men: 2400-2600 kcal/day
What are the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges for young children, older children/adolescents, and adults?
What is the caloric content and unique constituents of FAT?
What are the essential fatty acids and recommended adequate intakes?
N-6 fatty acids (linoleic acid)= 5-10 % kcals (all ages)
N-3 fatty acids (alpha-linolenic acid)= 0.6-1.2% kcal (all ages)
Deficiency results in scaly dermatitis, dry hair, follicular keratosis
What is the caloric content and constituents of CARBOHYDRATE?
What are the recommended weekly servings for different types of vegetables (base on a 2000 kcal diet)?
What is the recommended intake for dietary fiber?
0.5 g fiber/kg body weight/day
11 servings of grains per day, half of which are whole grain.
