Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Nutritional deficiency and the skin > Flashcards

Nutritional deficiency and the skin Flashcards

1
Q

What are some mechanisms of nutritional deficiency?

A
  • Dietary insufficiency
  • Bowel malabsorption
  • Concomitant drugs affecting absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who is most at risk of nutritional deficiency in modern society?

A

Food faddists
Those with eating disorders
Infants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the uses of vitamin A in the skin?

A

Epithelial proliferation, keratinisation and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Wha are some sources of vitamin A?

A
  • Animal
    • Milk
    • Liver
    • Eggs
    • Oily fish
  • Plant
    • Green leafy veg
    • Bright yellow/orange fruit (E.g. mango)
    • Bright yellow/orange veg (E.g. Carrots)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some skin manifestations of vitamin A deficiency?

A

Keratotic follicular papules on the thighs and upper arms, with presence of dry skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is vitamin A deficiency diagnosed?

A

Serum vitamin A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the importance of vitamin K?

A

Production of several coagulation factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some sources of vitamin K?

A
  • Green leafy veg
  • Liver
  • Legumes
  • Vegetable oils
  • GI tract bacteria (Produced in the GI tract)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some skin manifestations of vitamin K deficiency?

A

Bleeding tendency, presenting with purpura and easy bruising

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is vitamin K deficiency diagnosed?

A

Measuring coagulation and serum vitamin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the name for vitamin B2?

A

Riboflavin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B2?

A
  • Milk
  • Liver
  • Meat
  • Eggs
  • Leafy green veg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How will vitamin B2 deficiency present in the skin?

A

Lesions on the margins of the lips (Cheilosis) and corners of the mouth (Angular stomatitis)

The patients tongue may also become painful, red and dry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is vitamin B2 deficiency diagnosed?

A

measuring the activity coefficient of erythrocyte glutathione reductase (EGR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the name of vitamin B3?

A

Niacin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B3?

A
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Nuts
  • Coffee
  • Converted from dietary tryptophan in the body
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What disease is caused by vitamin B3 deficiency?

A

Pellagra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is pellagra most commonly found?

A

Endemic in areas with high grain, low meat diet such as in Indo-China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How will pellagra (Vitamin B3 deficiency) present?

A

This presents with the 4Ds:

D - Dermatitis - Bilateral, symmetrical, itchy, red rash, worse on sun-exposed areas

D - Delirium - Headaches, irritability, anxiety, depression, memory impairment

D - Diarrhoea - With abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting

D - Death - In 4-5 years if not treated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How is vitamin B3 deficiency diagnosed?

A

It is difficult to measure niacin levels, however, diagnosis can be made with nicotinamide therapy, which will bring rapid improvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B6?

A
  • Meats
  • Cereals
  • Milk
  • Potatoes
  • Bananas
  • Nuts
  • Pulses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How will vitamin B6 deficiency present on the skin?

A

Dermatitis of face, scalp, neck, shoulders, buttocks and perineum, with tongue inflammation (glossitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How is vitamin B6 deficiency diagnosed?

A

Measuring serum or urinary vitamin B6

24
Q

What are some sources of folate?

A
  • Liver
  • Green leafy veg
  • Beans
  • Nuts
  • Milk
25
Q

What are some sources of vitamin B12?

A
  • Meat
  • Milk
  • Fish
  • Eggs
26
Q

How will folate deficiency present on the skin?

A

Anaemia, angular stomatitis, glossitis, hair depigmentation and skin and mucous
membrane pigmentation

27
Q

How will B12 deficiency present?

A

Anaemia, angular stomatitis, glossitis, hair depigmentation and skin, mucous
membrane pigmentation and neurological symptoms due to demyelination

28
Q

What is the function of biotin?

A

Biotin is an essential co-factor for carboxylase enzymes

29
Q

What are some sources of biotin?

A
  • Cereals
  • Meat
  • Milk
  • Eggs
  • Pulses
  • Nuts
  • Produced by GI bacteria
30
Q

When are skin presentations usually found in biotin deficiency?

A

Only n severe malabsorptive states or cases of inadequate parenteral nutrition

31
Q

What are some skin presentations of severe biotin deficiency?

A

Facial dermatitis
Glossitis
Alopecia

32
Q

How is biotin deficiency diagnosed?

A

Measuring serum biotin

33
Q

What is the name of vitamin C?

A

Ascorbic acid

34
Q

What is the function of vitamin C?

A

Vitamin C is an essential co-factor in
collagen formation (e.g. hair, bone and teeth)

35
Q

What are some sources of vitamin C?

A
  • Citrus fruit
  • Strawberries
  • Blackcurrants
  • Tomatoes
  • Potatoes
36
Q

What are some skin presentations of vitamin C?

A

Hyperkeratosis around hair follicles, bent hairs, inflamed gums, poor wound healing, as well as fatigue, malaise, muscle and bone pain

37
Q

How is vitamin C deficiency diagnosed?

A

This is usually a clinical diagnosis, as vitamin C supplement brings rapid improvement

38
Q

What is the name given to vitamin C deficiency?

A

Scurvy

39
Q

What is the function of zinc in the skin?

A

It is required for structure and function of skin and is vital for wound healing

40
Q

What are some sources of zinc?

A
  • Meat
  • Fish
  • Milk
  • Eggs
  • Cereals
  • Nuts
  • Pulses
41
Q

What are the 2 types of zinc deficiency?

A

Genetic
Acquired

42
Q

What genetic condition leads to zinc deficiency?

A

Acrodermatitis enteropathica

43
Q

What is acrodermatitis enteropathica?

A

This is an autosomal recessive condition resulting in lack of zinc absorption

44
Q

How will infants present with acrodermatitis enteropathica?

A

Diarrhoea, alopecia, dry / brittle hair, perioral, facial and acral (i.e. hands and feet) dermatitis.

45
Q

What are some causes of acquired zinc deficiency?

A

Increased elimination of zinc secondary to burns or infection

46
Q

How will acquired zinc deficiency present?

A

Dermatitic rash of hands and feet mainly and growth retardation in children.

47
Q

How is acquired zinc deficiency diagnosed?

A

Serum zinc measurement

48
Q

How common is protein energy malnutrition (PEM)?

A

One third of the world’s children are affected by PEM

49
Q

How can protein energy malnutrition cause death?

A

Associated infection
Dehydration

50
Q

What are the 2 forms of PEM?

A
  • Marasmus
  • Kwashiokor
51
Q

What is marasmus?

A

This is a global nutrient deficiency causing weight loss by fat breakdown

52
Q

How will children with marasmus present?

A

Muscle wasting
No oedema
Dry, winkled, loose skin
Thin, brittle hair with alopecia

53
Q

What causes kwashiorkor?

A

Very low protein intake with reasonable carbohydrate intake

54
Q

How does kwashiorkor present in children?

A

Oedema
Enlarged abdomen (Pot belly)
Irregular or patchy skin pigment change
Dark, dry skin
Skin splitting when stretched revealing pallor (Crazy-paving dermatoses)

55
Q
A

Dermatology (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions