NVG: Acronyms

Question 1

Acronym for remembering Self Imposed Stressors

Answer 1

DEATH

Question 2

DEATH

Answer 2

Drugs - Use only if Rx approved by Flight Surgeon

Question 3

DEATH

Answer 3

Exaustion - Fatigue causes errors

Question 4

DEATH

Answer 4

Alcohol - reduces judgement and coordination

Question 5

DEATH

Answer 5

Tobbaco - Increases CO₂, Reduces O₂

Question 6

DEATH

Answer 6

Hypoglycemia - Low Blood Sugar/Energy

Question 7

Acyronym for remembering Visual Illusions

Answer 7

FFF CRASH SARC

(SCAR) May work to help remember last 4

Question 8

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 8

False Horizon.

• Confusing cloud formations or uneven ground w/ the horizon.
• This is usually occurs when the aviator looks up after a prolonged period in the cockpit or from poor scanning technique.

Question 9

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 9

Flicker Vertigo.

• A light flickering at a rate of 4 to 20 cycles per second can produce nausea, vomiting & vertigo.
• It can be caused by sunlight flickering through the rotor blades or by an anticollision light reflecting against an overcast sky at night.
• DO NOT CLOSE your eyes, it will intensify the effect.

Question 10

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 10

Fixation.

• This occurs when aviators ignore orientation cues & fix their attention on a single goal or object without seeing the whole environment.
• May occur during times of task saturation or target fixation.

Question 11

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 11

Confusion.

A common occurrence is to confuse ground lights with stars.

A good cross check will prevent this illusion

Question 12

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 12

Relative Motion.

• Mistaking the motion of another aircraft or object for that of your own.
• Could occur during formation flight, hover taxi, or hovering over water or tall grass.
• The use of proper scanning techniques helps prevent this illusion.

Question 13

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 13

Autokinesis.

• When a static light is stared at in the dark for 6 to 12 seconds, the light appears to move up too 20 degrees in any direction.
• Reduce or eliminate by visual scanning, increasing the number of lights, or by varying light intensity.

Question 14

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 14

Structural illusion.

• The distortion of objects caused by heat waves, rain, snow or other factors that obscure vision.
• This illusion can be linked to mirages.

Question 15

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 15

Height Perception Illusion.

• When flying over terrain lacking good contrast (water, desert, snow), crew members may think the aircraft is higher or lower than it actually is.
• This is due to a lack of visual references. It can be overcome by dropping an object of known size or intensity from the aircraft or by using shadows cast by surrounding objects or the aircraft.
• At night drop a chem.-stick or flare before landing.

Question 16

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 16

Size-Distance Illusion.

• Viewing a source of light that is increasing or decreasing in luminance. The aviator may incorrectly interpret the light as approaching or retreating.
• It also is the false perception of distance from an object or the ground.
• It occurs when visual cues such as a runway or trees are different size than expected.
• Shooting an approach to a large runway vs. a small stage field lane. On larger runways an aviator may perceive he is too low when landing.

Question 17

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 17

Altered Planes of Reference

• The pilot has an inaccurate sense of altitude, attitude, or flight path position in relation to an object so great in size that the object becomes the new plane reference.
• When approaching a line of mountains or clouds, aviators may feel they need to climb even though their attitude is adequate.

Question 18

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 18

Reversible Perspective.

• At night, an aircraft may appear to be going away when it is actually approaching.
• This illusion often occurs when an aircraft is flying a parallel course.
• To avoid this illusion observe the lights. Red on right returning.

Question 19

FFF CRASH SARC

Answer 19

Crater Illusion.

• Occurs when aircrew members land at night, under NVG conditions, and the IR searchlight is directed too far under the nose of the aircraft.
• This will cause the illusion of landing with up-sloping terrain in any directions.
• Depressing lulls the pilot into continuing to lower the collective. Could result in the aircraft prematurely impacting the ground, causing damage.
• If observing another aircraft during hover taxi, the aviator may perceive that the crater actually appears to move with the aircraft being observed.

Question 20

Acronym for remembering Types Of Vision

Answer 20

PMS

Question 21

PMS

Answer 21

Photopic - Daylight, uses Cones

Question 22

PMS

Answer 22

Mesopic - Dusk/Dawn, uses Rods/Cones

Question 23

PMS

Answer 23

Scotopic - Night, uses Rods

Question 24

Acryonym to remember Distance Estimation

Answer 24

GLAVRKITOAFLLM

LAV

KITO

FLL

Question 25

**GLAV**RAM

Answer 25

**G****eometric Perspective** - Shapes affect perception **L**inear Perspective - Parallel lines converge in distance. **A**pparent Foreshortening - Elliptical Shape **V**ertical Position - High on horizon = farthest away

Question 26

Answer 26

**L**inear Perspective - Parallel Lines Converge

Question 27

Answer 27

**A**pparent Foreshortening - ## Footnote Shapes change with perspective, often becoming eliptical in shape

Question 28

Answer 28

**V**ertical Perspective ## Footnote Things higher on horizon are further away

Question 29

Definition and acryonym to remember Retinal Image Size

Answer 29

**R**etinal Image Size - Brain interprets image size ## Footnote * **K**nown size of object - Associate familiar objects * **I**ncreasing/Decreasing size - Objects get big/little * **T**erresterial Association - Compare known w/ unknown * **O**verlapping - Overlapped object is farther

Question 30

Answer 30

**K**nown size of object - Associate familiar objects ## Footnote to gauge distance...

Question 31

Answer 31

**I**ncreasing/Decreasing Size ## Footnote Object gets bigger as it gets closer or smaller as it moves farther away

Question 32

Answer 32

**T**erresterial Association ## Footnote Compare known with unknown I.e. We know how large ET is because we know how large a child is. Or a tower next to a house...we can estimate heigth of tower.

Question 33

Answer 33

**O**verlapping - overlapped object is further away.

Question 34

Definition of Aerial Perspective Acryonym to remember Aerial Perspective

Answer 34

**Aerial Perspective** - Clarity of Object tells distance from viewer. **F**ading of Colors/Shades **L**oss of details **L**ights/Shadows

Question 35

Answer 35

**F**ading of Colors/Shades - Far Objects Fade

Question 36

Answer 36

**L**oss of Detail - Far objects have less detail

Question 37

Answer 37

**L**ights & Shadows - Use shadows for clues

Question 38

GRA**M**

Answer 38

**M**otion Parallelax ## Footnote Far objects go by slow. Near Objects go by fast Looking out of window in car....near objects travel faster than far objects.