Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Discrete MCAT Questions > O Chem > Flashcards

O Chem Flashcards

(46 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the common name for ethanal?

A

Acetaldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the common name for methanal?

A

Formaldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the common name for ethanol?

A

Ethyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the common name of 2-propanol?

A

Isopropyl alcohol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the common name of proprionaldehyde?

A

Propanal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a terminal functional group?

A

Found at the ends of carbon backbones. The carbons to which they are attached to is normally designated carbon 1.
Aldehydes and carboxylic acids are known as terminal functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What provides the suffix of the molecule?

A

The highest priority functional group in the molecule becomes a component of the backbone and provides the suffix.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the suffix for an alcohol?

A

-ol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the suffix for a ketone?

A

-one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the suffix for an alkyne?

A

-yne

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the suffix for a carboxylic acid?

A

-oic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the suffix for an aldehyde?

A

-al

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the priority rankings for functional groups?

A 
Carboxylic acid (highest priority) 
Ester
Amide 
Nitrile
Aldehyde
Ketone
Alcohol
Amine 
Alkene
Alkyne 
Alkane 
Ether
Alkyl Halide
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you correctly number an alkane?

A

Locate the longest carbon chain.

And give the alkyl groups the lowest possible numbers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The common names for the aldehydes and carboxylic acids that contain only one carbon start with what prefix?

A

Form-

Such as in the common name for methanoic acid (formic acid) and methanol(formaldehyde)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Substituent are organized

A

Alphabetically not numerically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Order of the metric units

A 
Tetra (T) 10^12
Giga (G) 10^9
Mega (M) 10^6
Kilo (k) 10^3
Base unit (gram, meter, liter) 10^0
Deci (d) 10^-1
Centi (c) 10^-2
Milli (m) 10^-3
Micro (u) 10^-6
Nano (n) 10^-9
Pico (p) 10^-12
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you know how many stereoisomers a molecule has?

A

The max number of stereoisomers of a compound equals 2^n where n is the number of chiral carbons in the compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is a meso compound?

Study These Flashcards
A

Compound that contains chiral centers but has an internal plane of symmetry.

Optical inactive

20
Q

What conformation gives the least amount of steric chain?

Study These Flashcards
A

A chair confirmation in with the two equatorial functional groups are trans to each other. The axial hydrogens don’t have to compete with the hydrogens in the functional groups.

21
Q

Relative configuration

Study These Flashcards
A

Configuration of a molecule in relation to other atoms on the same molecule, in relation to other molecules or in relation to another form of the same molecule.

To retain relative configuration the bonds of the stereo center can’t be broken

22
Q

Absolute configuration

Study These Flashcards
A

Spatial arrangement of atoms of a chiral molecular entity (R and S)

To retain absolute configuration both reactant and product must be the same (R or S)

23
Q

What are disasteromers?

Study These Flashcards
A

Non mirror images of each other. For example trans and cis

24
Q

Enantiomers

Study These Flashcards
A

Non superimposable mirror images

R and S

25
Structural isomers
Compounds with same molecular formula but different atomic connections
26
What does E and Z refer to?
E is trans And Z is cis If two of the same molecules are E and Z then they are considered diastereomers
27
Constitutional isomer
Have same molecular formula but different atomic connectivity
28
Conformational isomers
Isomers can be interconverted just by rotations about formally single bonds. Have same configuration Where the Newman projection comes in
29
Equation for specific rotation
[alpha]=alpha observed / c•L Alpha=specific rotation in degrees c=concentration (units are g/mL) L=path length (units=dm) Alpha observed=observed rotation (units=degrees) Clockwise rotation (dextrorotatory) is considered positive. 1cm=0.1dm
30
A carbon atom participates in one double bond. As such, this carbon contains orbital with:
Hybridization between the s orbital and two p orbitals. A double bond has one sigma bond and one pi bond. In a carbon with one double bond, sp2 hybridization occurs.
31
A triple bonded atom is
Sp hybridized There are two pi bonds and one sigma bond of
32
What hybridization does the Be atom in BeH2 assume?
Sp Beryllium only has two electrons in its valence shell. When it forms bonds to two hydrogens it requires two hybridized orbitals meaning that its hybridization must be sp.
33
Two atomic orbitals may combine to form
A bonding molecular orbital An antibonding molecular orbital Hybridized orbitals
34
Molecular orbitals can contain a maximum of
Two electrons
35
Pi bonds are formed by which orbitals?
Two unhybridized p orbitals
36
What can a sigma bond be formed by?
Head to head overlap of two s orbital, two p orbitals, one s orbital and one p orbital, or hybridized orbitals.
37
The four C-H bonds of CH4 point toward the vertices of a tetrahedron. This indicates the hybridization of the carbon atom in Methane is
Sp3 Tetrahedron means angle between bonds is 109.5 which is a characteristic of sp3 orbitals
38
Why is a single bond stronger than a pi bond
S orbitals have more overlap than p orbitals. Bond strength is determined by degree of orbital overlap. Greater the overlap the greater the bond strength. Hence why sp3 is very stable and lots of atoms have this
39
The s character of the carbon atom in HCN is
50%s and 50%p The carbon bond in hydrogen cyanide is triple bonded and because triple bonds require two unhybridized p orbitals, the carbon must be sp hybridized Sp orbitals have 50 percent s character and 50 percent p character
40
Resonance structure describes
A potential arrangement of electrons in a molecule
41
An electron is known to be in the n=4 shell and L=2 sub shell. How many possible combinations of quantum numbers could this electron have?
10. Can have five different values for ml: -2,-1,0,1,2 In each of these orbitals, electrons can have positive or negative spin. Thus there are 5x2=10 possible combinations of quantum numbers for this electron
42
Compared to single bonds, triple bonds are
More rigid
43
Common strong reducing agents
Include metals, potassium, calcium, barium, sodium and magnesium and also compounds that contain the H- ion, those being NaH, LiH, LiAlH4, CaH2
44
Strong oxidizing agents
``` O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 MnO4- Cr2O7^2- HNO3 H2O2 ```
45
SN1 reactions show first order kinetics because
The rate limiting step only involves one molecule
46
Reactivity of carboxylic acid derivatives
Dictates how reactive they are towards nucleophliic attack Anhydrides >carboxylic acids and esters>amides This means that derivatives of higher reactivities can form derivatives of lower reactivates but not vice versa

Discrete MCAT Questions (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions