O&G Flashcards
(37 cards)
megaloblastic anaemia
due to folate or b12 deficiency
patient requiring contraception who suffers with migraines with aura: recommended contraception?
copper intrauterine device
why is migraine with aura a complete contraindication to using oral contraceptive pill due to…
increased risk of ischaemic stroke
what may help premenstrual syndrome
SSRIs - sertraline
bishop score interpretation
Interpretation
a score of < 5 indicates that labour is unlikely to start without induction
a score of > 9 indicates that labour will most likely commence spontaneously
A 54-year-old woman, gravida 1 para 1, comes to the office for investigation of vaginal bleeding. She reports intermittent spotting and is sexually active with a regular partner. Her last period was 3 years ago. She has no fevers, weight loss or abdominal symptoms. Last pap test was 5 years ago, and was normal. There is no significant family history. Pelvic ultrasound reveals a 3cm multi-loculated cyst.
What is the most appropriate investigation for this patient?
Complex (i.e. multi-loculated) ovarian cysts should be biopsied with high suspicion of ovarian malignancy
An elevated CA-125 in the context of adnexal mass is suspicious for malignancy, but this will not confirm the diagnosis.
what analgesic is not recommended for use in breastfeeding?
aspirin must be avoided
due to association with Reye’s syndrome
- can cause liver and brain damage
preterm prelabour rupture
- sterile speculum
- 10 days erythromycin should be given to all women with PPROM
moderate gestational hypertension during pregnancy
- normally would give oral labetalol
- if patient has history of asthma then beta blocker use is contraindicated
- thus NICE says give nifedipine
ruptured ovarian cyst presents as
- unilateral pain
- immediately following intercourse or strenuous exercise
IM methotrexate used in medical management of ectopic pregnancy
- cytotoxic agent that disrupts
IV dexamethasone in pregnancy
- steroid medication
- should be given to pregnant women if there was concern about baby needing to be born before lungs were fully developed
- if mother were to develop eclampsia
sole agent for use in UK for medical management of miscarriage
Vaginal misoprostol
- prostaglandin analogue
- binds to myometrial cells
- causes contractions
- leads to expulsion of tissue
what is generally given to pregnant women experiencing eclampsia?
- IV magnesium sulphate
- treat the eclamptic seizures
- provides neuro-protection for fetus
Factor V Leiden is…
mutation of one of the clotting factors in the blood
increase chances of developing abnormal blood clots
the combined oral contraceptive is protective against
- endometrial cancer
HNPCC/Lynch syndrome
HNPCC/Lynch syndrome is a strong risk factor for endometrial cancer
How often is the Depo Provera (medroxyprogesterone acetate) injectable contraceptive given?
12 weeks
The major clinical indicators of fertility are:
changes in the cervical mucous
changes in the cervix
changes in basal body temperature
Lactational amenorrhea is…
Lactational amenorrhea, also called postpartum infertility, is the temporary postnatal infertility that occurs when a woman is amenorrheic (not menstruating) and fully breastfeeding.
At what gestation would a referral to the maternal fetal medicine unit for her presentation be warranted?
- if fetal movements not felt by 24 weeks
- generally women can feel their babies move around 18-20 weeks
- can be earlier in multiparous women
Combined oral contraceptive pill
increased risk of breast and cervical cancer
protective against ovarian and endometrial cancer
A pregnant woman with abdominal trauma should have Rhesus testing asap because women who are Rhesus-negative should be given anti-D to prevent Rhesus isoimmunization.
A pregnant woman with abdominal trauma should have Rhesus testing asap because women who are Rhesus-negative should be given anti-D to prevent Rhesus isoimmunization.
cervical ectropion
- the endocervix turns outward
- the exposed parts of the endocervix appear red and raw
- endocervical cells are exposed to the acidic vaginal environment
