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Disease Profiles > O+G - Breast Disease > Flashcards

O+G - Breast Disease Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Definition - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Pre-cancerous condition affecting lobular breast cells

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2
Q

Presentation - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Asymptomatic - incidental finding on screening

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3
Q

Management - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Surgical removal of abnormal cells
Follow up to monitor for cancerous changes

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4
Q

Complication - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Increased risk of breast cancer

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5
Q

Causes - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Untreated mastitis

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6
Q

Common Causative Organisms - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Most common = staph aureus

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7
Q

Presentation - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Painful, red warm breast
Fluctuant swelling
Systemic symptoms of infection

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8
Q

Diagnosis - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

USS

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9
Q

Management - Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia

A

Antibiotics
Drainage
Encourage continued breastfeeding

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10
Q

Genetic Risk Factor - Breast Cancer

A

BRCA mutations

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11
Q

Presentation - Breast Cancer

A

Asymptomatic (found at screening)
Changes in appearance and skin texture
Breast lump
Pain
Nipple discharge

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12
Q

Diagnosis - Breast Cancer

A

Triple assessment = examination, imaging + biopsy

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13
Q

Two Week Wait Referral Criteria - Breast Cancer

A

Unexplained breast/axilla lump >30
Unilateral nipple changes >50
Skin changes suggestive of breast cancer

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14
Q

Management - Breast Cancer

A

Surgery (lumpectomy or WLE)
Chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy

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15
Q

Management - Breast Cancer (HER2+)

A

Trastuzumab

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16
Q

Management - Breast Cancer (ER+)

A

Pre-menopausal = tamoxifen
Post-menopausal = aromatase inhibitors e.g. anastrozole

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17
Q

Risk Factor - Breast Cyst

A

Peri-menopausal age group

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18
Q

Presentation - Breast Cyst

A

Smooth, mobile ± fluctuant breast lump
Pain in some cases

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19
Q

Management - Breast Cyst

A

Aspiration or excision if required

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20
Q

Diagnosis - Mastalgia

A

Breast pain diary
Exclude other underlying causes

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21
Q

Management - Mastalgia

A

Supportive bra
NSAIDs
Heat

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22
Q

Definition - DCIS

A

A non-invasive tumour confined to the ducts of the breast

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23
Q

Presentation - DCIS

A

Asymptomatic (screening)
Breast lump
Nipple discharge
Skin changes

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24
Q

Diagnosis - DCIS

A

Triple assessment

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25
Management - DCIS
Surgical excision if <4cm Mastectomy if >4cm
26
Definition - Duct Ectasia
Mammary ducts under the nipple widen and become clogged A benign condition
27
Risk Factors - Duct Ectasia
Increasing age Smoking !!!!!!
28
Presentation - Duct Ectasia
Asymptomatic (screening) Bloody/purulent discharge Breast lump Nipple retraction Pain
29
Diagnosis - Duct Ectasia
Triple assessment
30
Management - Duct Ectasia
Analgesia Smoking cessation Excision of involved ducts in some cases
31
Risk of Cancer - Duct Ectasia
None
32
Definition - Fat Necrosis
Benign lump of dead/damaged breast tissue
33
Causes - Fat Necrosis
Local trauma Warfarin therapy Surgery Radiation
34
Risk Factors - Fat Necrosis
Increasing age Larger breast size Obesity
35
Presentation - Fat Necrosis
Breast lump Painless
36
Diagnosis - Fat Necrosis
Imaging (mammogram/USS) Needle biopsy
37
Management - Fat Necrosis
NSAIDs, warm compress Some cases need surgery
38
Definition - Fibroadenoma
Benign tumour of stromal/epithelial breast tissue
39
Presentation - Fibroadenoma
Asymptomatic (screening) Firm, discrete, painless and highly mobile mass
40
Diagnosis - Fibroadenoma
Triple assessment
41
Management - Fibroadenoma
Reassurance >3cm = excise
42
Definition - Fibrocystic Change
Lumpy breasts that fluctuate throughout the menstrual cycle
43
Presentation - Fibrocystic Change
Asymptomatic (screening) Pain - acute or cyclical Smooth, discrete lumpiness
44
Symptom Timing - Fibrocystic Change
Prior to menstruation, resolving when it starts
45
Diagnosis - Fibrocystic Change
Imaging (mammography/USS)
46
Management - Fibrocystic Change
Reassure NSAIDs
47
Definition - Gynaecomastia
Enlargement of glandular breast tissue in males
48
Cause - Gynaecomastia
Increased oestrogen to androgen ratio
49
Management Outline - Gynaecomastia
1. Observation and reassurance 2. Treat cause 3. Tamoxifen 4. Danazol 5. Refer for surgery
50
Complications - Gynaecomastia
Psychological impacts
51
Definition - Paget's disease of the Nipple
High grade DCIS that has extended along ducts to reach the epidermis
52
Underlying Process - Paget's disease of the Nipple
Breast cancer
53
Presentation - Paget's disease of the Nipple
Eczema of the nipple Itch
54
Diagnosis - Paget's disease of the Nipple
Triple assessment
55
Management - Paget's disease of the Nipple
Mastectomy Chemo/radiotherapy Hormone therapy
56
Presentation - Mastitis
Hot, swollen tender area Usually unilateral
57
Diagnosis - Mastitis
Clinical Consider USS and culture
58
Management - Mastitis
Analgesia CONTINUE BREASTFEEDING Antibiotics if indicated
59
Antibiotics - Mastitis
Flucloxacillin 1g QDS Clinindamycin 450mg TDS if pen allergic
60
Complications - Mastitis
Recurrence Breast abscess
61
Presentation - Intraductal Papilloma
Asymptomatic (screening) Lump Bloody discharge Pain
62
Diagnosis - Intraductal Papilloma
Triple assessment
63
Management - Intraductal Papilloma
Excision
64
Definition - Galactocele
Cysts filled with breast milk
65
Presentation - Galactocele
Firm, mobile and painless breast lump
66
Definition - LCIS
Neoplastic proliferation of cells in a breast lobule
67
Presentation - LCIS
Asymptomatic (screening) Lump Nipple discharge Skin changes
68
Diagnosis - LCIS
Triple assessment
69
Management - LCIS
Observation Mastectomy inn some cases
70
Definition - Phyllodes Tumour
Slow growing, unilateral tumour of the storm of the breast Can be benign or malignant
71
Presentation - Phyllodes Tumour
Lump - smooth, slow growing, unilateral Pain Red warm skin
72
Diagnosis - Phyllodes Tumour
Triple assessment
73
Management - Phyllodes Tumour
WLE Radio/chemotherapy if needed

Disease Profiles (15 decks)

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