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Pathophys > OB/GYN > Flashcards

OB/GYN Flashcards

1
Q

Menstruation Questions

A

When was your last menstrual period? Are your periods regular?
*If >2 weeks = Possibility of pregnancy

Was your last period’s flow typical of your regular periods?
*Lighter than usual = Breakthrough bleeding (Possible pregnancy)

Have you had any pain w/ menstruation?
*PID
*Ovarian Cyst
*Mittelschmerz

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2
Q

Sexual HX Questions

A

Could you be pregnant? When was the last time you had unprotected sex?
*If w/in 12-17 days of last Period = Pregnancy very likely

What forms of contraceptives were used?

Have you had unprotected sex w. multiple partners? (STD’s)

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3
Q

Indications of eminent delivery

A
  • Crowning
  • Urge to push
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4
Q

-LUQ ABD pain = Splenomegaly
-Prolonged high fever
-Chills
-Headache
-Malaise
-Extreme fatigue

A

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Member of the herpesvirus family

Complications:
-Can be transmitted to the Baby

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5
Q

-Diffused Bilateral Lower Quadrant Achy ABD Pain
-Cervical, uterine, or adnexal tenderness/Rebound tenderness
-Fever or Chills
-Purulent vaginal discharge (yellow or green)
-Discomfort or pain during sex
-Pain when peeing
-Bleeding between periods and after sex
-Heavy & painful periods

HX:
- Sexually Active/Multiple Partners
- STD’s
- Candidiasis/Bacterial Vaginitis

A

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

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6
Q

-Burning
-Itching
-Pain/Soreness during Intercourse
-Vaginal Discharge (cottage cheese)
-Fish Odor
-Inflammation of the labia majora, labia minora, or perineal area

HX:
-Poor Hygiene
-Oral Contraceptives
-Unprotected sex
-Postmenopausal
-Postpartum
-Yeast Infection
-STD trichomoniasis

A

Vaginitis

Vaginal inflammation caused by a fungal yeast or bacterial infections

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7
Q

-Acute lower ABD pain that can radiate through the entire ABD then back
-Pain during sex or bowel movements
-Menstrual Pain & Irregularities
-Difficulty Urinating
-Heaviness/Bloating in ABD
-Breast Tenderness
-Nausea/Vomiting

HX:
-Previous Cysts
-Hormonal Issues
-Endometriosis
-Pelvic Inflammation

A

Ovarian Cysts

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8
Q

-Localized, one-sided lower abdominal pain
-Heaviness/Bloating in ABD
-Generalized signs of peritonitis if massive hemorrhage has occurred
-Rebound Tenderness
-Vaginal bleeding or report a late or missed period at the time of rupture
-Heaviness/Bloating in ABD
-Nausea/Vomiting
-Dizziness

A

Ruptured ovarian cyst

An emergency that may result in significant hemorrhage

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9
Q

-Sudden onset of lower abdominal pain that may radiate to the back, pelvis or thigh
-Pain often begins with exercise (sharp or stabbing)
-Nausea/vomiting
-Fever is usually a late sign

HX:
-Congenital abnormalities
-Ovarian cysts or tumors
-Disease that affects the fallopian tube or ovary

A

Ovarian torsion

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10
Q

-Frequent urge to pass urine
-Painful urination
-Fever
-Chills
-Lower abdominal pain

HX:
-Bacterial infection (most cases)
-Structural abnormality of the ureters
-Urethra inflammation
-Indwelling urinary catheters

A

Cystitis

Inflammation of the inner lining of the bladder

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11
Q

-Headache
-Faintness
-Dizziness
-Nausea
-Diarrhea
-Backache and leg pain

HX:
-Sexually inactive
-Childless

A

Dysmenorrhea

Pain during menstruation caused by muscular contractions of the myometrium

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12
Q

-Pain in the right or left lower quadrant of the abdomen during the normal midcycle of a menstrual period

A

Mittelschmerz

May occur as a result of the rupture of the graafarian follicle and bleeding from the ovary during the menstrual cycle

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13
Q

-Fever
-Malaise
-Purulent vaginal discharge
-Lower abdominal or pelvic pain (Increased on Palpation)
-Constipation & ABD Distension
-Vaginal bleeding
-Sepsis

HX:
-Sexually Active/Multiple partners
-STD’s

A

Endometritis

Inflammation of the uterine lining caused by an infection; occurs after childbirth or abortion by retained placental tissue; can affect the uterus and fallopian tubes

Complications:
-Sterility
-Sepsis
-Death

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14
Q

-Pain localized in the lower back, pelvis, and abdomen
-Painful defecation or Intercourse
-Suprapubic soreness
-Heavy vaginal bleeding
-Fatigue
-Escalating menstral cramps
-Infertility

HX:
- Deferred pregnancy
~37 years old

A

Endometriosis

Fragments of endometrium have been regurgitated backward where they attach and grow as small cystic structures; tissue functions cyclically and undergoes periodic menstrual breakdown

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15
Q

-Severe abdominal pain that may radiate to the shoulder and vaginal spotting
-Rebound Tenderness
-Cullen or Grey Turner Sign (Internal hemorrhage)
-Sepsis
-Shock may develop

HX:
- Sexually Active
- <20 weeks pregnant
- 35 to 44 years
- Intrauterine device (IUD) use
- Conceiving after having a tubal ligation
- HX of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Endometriosis or induced abortions
- Smoking

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

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16
Q

-Feeling like sitting on a small ball
-Heaviness in the vaginal area
-Abd palpation often reveals rigidity and pain, and in some cases, fetal parts
-Low back pain
-Painful intercourse
-Vaginal bleeding
-Shock

HX:
-Previous C sections
-Large babies and difficult vaginal delivery
-Loss of muscle tone associated with aging
-Menopause
-Pelvic cavity tumors
-Trauma during vaginal birth

A

Uterine prolapse

Falling or sliding of the uterus from its normal position into the vaginal canal

17
Q

-Acute ABD Pain w/out contractions
-Weaker contractions
-Shoulder Tip Pain
-Vaginal bleeding
-Undetectable Fetal heartbeat
-Loss of Baby movement/Fetal distress
-Baby felt through abdomen
-Shock

A

Uterine Rupture

Can allow a part of the baby, amniotic fluid, or the umbilical cord to enter the peritoneal cavity or broad ligament

Complications:
-Inability to deliver Baby
-Excessive hemorrhage from Uterus or Placenta
-Shock

18
Q
  • Profuse, painful itching of the hands & hand
  • Fatigue or Depression
  • Nausea
  • RUQ Abd pain
  • Dark Urine
  • Abnormally colored stool (Light Grey, Yellow, Light Brown, or White)

HX:
- Carrying multiple babies @ once
- Family hx of Cholestasis
- Previous liver damage

A

Cholestasis

Liver disease that occurs during pregnancy in which hormones affect the gallbladder by slowing down or blocking the normal flow of bile from the liver, which leads to bile acids to build up in the liver then spill over into the bloodstream.

19
Q
  • Fever
  • Achy muscles
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
  • Sore Throat
  • Swollen Glands

HX:
-Cleans cat litter
-Ate contaminated food

A

Toxoplasmosis

Infection caused by a parasite from handling/eating contaminated food or through exposure from handling cat litter, can be transmitted to the baby

20
Q
  • SBP 140>, DBP 90>
  • Headache
  • Edema
  • Visual Disturbances

HX:
-Usually >20 weeks Pregnant

A

Preeclampsia

21
Q
  • Acute onset vaginal bleeding & Abd pain (3rd trimester)
  • Bleeding unproportionate to shock
  • Uterine rigidity

HX:
- Multiparity
- Maternal Trauma
- Maternal Cocaine use
- Maternal Hypertension

A

Abruptio Placenta

Partial or complete detachment of the placenta beyond the 20th week of gestation.

22
Q
  • Hypertension & Proteinuria
  • Edema
  • Headache
  • Bruising/Bleeding
  • RUQ Pain (Liver Distension)
  • Shoulder pain
  • Visual disturbances

HX:
-Late stages of pregnancy

A

HELLP syndrome
(Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, and Low Platelet count)

A life-threatening complication that typically occurs in the later stages of pregnancy; A variant of preeclampsia because it generally occurs in conjunction with hypertension and proteinuria

Complications:
-Liver Rupture
-Stroke

23
Q

Baby w/:
- Lethargy
- Jaundice
- Reddish Brown spots on skin
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Congenital Heart Disease
- Microcephaly
- Low Birth weight
- Hearing Loss
- Blueberry muffin rash

A

TORCH Syndrome
(Toxoplasmosis, Other agents, Rubella (German measles), Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex)

An infection of the developing fetus or newborn by any of a group of infectious agents. Transmission can occur through placenta, while passing through birth canal, & through breast milk

Complications:
- Preterm Birth
- Delayed Developments of Baby
- Physical malformations
- Loss of pregnancy

24
Q
  • Prolapsed Umbilical Cord
  • Abruptio Placenta
  • Postpartum Hemorrhage

HX:
- Multiple Babies (twins, triplets, ect.)
- Fetal Anemia
- Maternal Diabetes
- Fetal conditions in where the babies don’t swallow the fluid

A

Polyhydraminos

Condition in which there is too much amniotic fluid

25
Q

-Swelling and inflammation and a visible bump on one side of the vaginal opening
-Fever is possible
-Any activity that puts pressure on the vulva can cause severe pain

A

Bartholin abscess

Accumulation of pus that forms a lump in one of the Bartholin glands; can take years to form, may develop quickly, or over several days

Pathophys (16 decks)

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