obesity

Question 1

how many adults are obese/overweight?

Answer 1

nearly 3/4s

Question 2

children

Answer 2

projected to have shorter life span than parents

Question 3

healthy people 2030

Answer 3

decrease obesity to 15.5%

Question 4

why does body size matter?

Answer 4

extra weight:
decreases: QOL, fertility, work performance, sleep time and quality
increases: aging, premature death, CVD, clots, DM

Question 5

BMI

Answer 5

overweight: 25-29.9
obese: 30+

Question 6

which of the following types of fat has implicated as most harmful due to increased inflammation, release of FFA, etc.

Answer 6

visceral fat

Question 7

inflammation

Answer 7

adipose tissue: active endocrine organ
silent inflammation: associated with excessive visceral fat
adipocytokines: pro-inflammatory + antinflammatory factors –> TNF-a, adiponectin, leptin

Question 8

non-sickness

Answer 8

simply surviving
not in a healthy state of thriving

Question 9

obesity contributing factors

Answer 9

behavioral factors –> most contributing
genetics
today: never ending responsibilities, longer hours, sedentary lifestyle
no breakfast
high glycemic carbs
refined sugars

Question 10

weight loss

Answer 10

calories in - calories out

Question 11

macros

Answer 11

protein - 4 10-35%
carbs - 4 40-65%
fat - 9 20-35%
alcohol - 7

Question 12

glycemic index

Answer 12

how fast blood sugar increases after eating a certain food

Question 13

empty calories

Answer 13

cals from solid fats + added sugars

Question 14

solid fats

Answer 14

solid at room temp
butter, beef fat, shortening

Question 15

weight loss

Answer 15

high fiber, high protein
lower carb, lower fat

Question 16

physical activity

Answer 16

reduces body fat and increases muscle
reduces risk of heart disease, stroke, T2DM, obesity

Question 17

physical activity

Answer 17

more than 80% of adults do note meet guidelines for both aerobic and muscle stregnthening activities

Question 18

behavioral therapy

Answer 18

self-monitoring

Question 19

medication therapy

Answer 19

CNS stimulants: phentermine, phendimetrazine, benzphentermine, diethylproprion
Lipase inhibitor: orlistat
GLP1: liraglutide, semaglutide
opioid antago: naltrexone + buproprion

Question 20

surgery

Answer 20

gastric bypass: reduces gastric volume so food bypasses most of upper GI
sleeve gastrectomy: 80-85% of stomach removed –> reduces gastric volume

Question 21

surgery clinical implications

Answer 21

routine nutritional supplementation
five to six small meals a day
altered drug absorption: enteric coated + sustained release change to IR