tuberculosis

Question 1

cause and transmission TB

Answer 1

mycobacterium tuberculosis
spread person to person by droplet nuclei
produce coughing speaking etc
transmitted through air

Question 2

pathogenesis

Answer 2

bacilli inhaled through nose/mouth
travels to aveoli
multiply in lung

Question 3

latent TB - lives but does not grow

Answer 3

normal chest x-ray
no symptoms
no sputum
not infectious

Question 4

active TB

Answer 4

abnormal chest xray
symptomatic
has sputum
infectious

Question 5

clinical presentation

Answer 5

involve lungs
prolonged cough, fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, anorexia
lymph nodes, pleura, bones and joints, brains + meniges

Question 6

drug therapy

Answer 6

latent:
- isoniazid 9 months, isonizid + rifapentine weekly x 12 weeks, rifampin 4 months
active:
- direct observe therapy 6-9 months
- isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide for 2 months followed by rifampin isoniazid for 4-7 months

Question 7

prevention

Answer 7

adequate ventilation, cough etiqutte, screening, vaccine

Question 8

bacille calmette-guerin (BCG)

Answer 8

vaccine for TB
used in countries with high TB to prevent childhood TB
not recommended in US because US has low risk TB
can be considered in specific situations