obesity

Question 1

what is the word for environments that promote increased food intake, nonhealthful food, and physical inactivity?

Answer 1

obeseogenic

Question 2

what percent of US adults are overweight

Answer 2

more than 68 percent

Question 3

what are rates of obesity among men?

Answer 3

34.4 percent

Question 4

what are obesity rates among women?

Answer 4

36.1 percent

Question 5

how do overweight and obesity rank as leading causes of death?

Answer 5

5 th

Question 6

how may adults worldwide aged 20 and over are obese?

Answer 6

nearly 1.5 billion

Question 7

how many children under 5 worldwide are obese

Answer 7

49 million

Question 8

what mental health problems are associated with overweight and obesity?

Answer 8

increased rates of depression and anxiety disorders

Question 9

What cardiovascular health effects are associated with overweight and obesity?

Answer 9

.High blood pressure

.Higher triglyceride levels and decrease HDL levels, bothe factors in the development of cardiovascular disease

Question 10

What weight gain doubles a persons risk of type 2 diabetes?

Answer 10

a weight gain of 11-18 pounds

Question 11

What effects do overweight and obesity have on sexual functioning?

Answer 11

higher rates of sexual dysfunction
increased risk for prostate, endometrial, and uterine cancer
increased risk of breast cancer in women
increased risk of fetal and maternal death, labor and delivery complication and birth defects

Question 12

What effects do overwight and obesity have on the immune system?

Answer 12

tendency towards more infectious diseases

reduced wound healing

Question 13

what effects do overweight and obesity have on the heart

Answer 13

a dramatically increased risk for all forms of heart disease

Question 14

what effects do overweight and obesity have on the respiratory system>

Answer 14

increased risk of sleep apnea and asthma

Question 15

what effects do overwight and obesity have on the digestive system?

Answer 15

increased risks for colon gallbladder and kidney cancers

increased risk of gallbladder disease

Question 16

what effects do overweight and obesity have on bones and joints

Answer 16

for every 2 pound increase in wight the risk of arthiritis increases 9 to 13 percent
increased risk of osteoarthiritis especially in weight bearing joints such as knees and hips

Question 17

what is the significance of the FTO gene?

Answer 17

people with cerain feneric variations may tend to graze for food more often, eat mor calories, and consume more more food every day.

Question 18

thrifty genes

Answer 18

african and indian fat people’s ancestors struggled with famine and so they developed slow metabolisms

Question 19

what is basal metabolic rate

how many calories is average (same as 4-8 yr old girl)

Answer 19

the minimum rate at which the body uses energy when working to maintain basic vital functions. BMR for the average healthy adult i 1200 to 18000 calories a day

Question 20

what is resting metabolic rate?

Answer 20

resting metabolic rate includesth BMR plus any energy expended through daily sedentary activities such as food digestion, sitting studying and standing

Question 21

exercise metabolic rate

Answer 21

accounts for all additional metabolic activities

Question 22

how much does a person’s BMR slow down per year after turning thirty?

Answer 22

1 to 2 percent

Question 23

what is the theory of adaptive thermogenesis?

Answer 23

this theory holds that the brain slows metabolic activity and energy expenditure as a form of defensive protection against possible starvation, which makes weight loss difficult.

Question 24

what is set poin theory

Answer 24

this theory holds that our bodies fight to maintain our weight around a narrow range or set point.

Question 25

what are yo-yo diets? why are they doomed to fail?

Answer 25

diets in which people repeatedly gain weight and then lose it quickly. when such dieters resume eating their BMR is set lower.

Question 26

what is the hunger hormone?

Answer 26

ghrelin

Question 27

what hormone signals fullness?

Answer 27

leptin

Question 28

what is hyperplasia?

Answer 28

an excess of fat cells

Question 29

what is hypertrophy?

Answer 29

excessive size of fat cells

Question 30

what are some environmental factors that contribute to obesity?

Answer 30

``` advertising prepackaged high calorie foods society eating more and normalizing high calorie consumption bottle feeding infants misleading food labels ```

Question 31

socioeconomic effects on wight gain

Answer 31

.unsafe neighborhoods ,food as a reward .lack of access to nutritious foods lack of time due to shiftwork, long commutes. multiple jobs.

Question 32

what percent of total calories do adults, on average, get from fast foods

Answer 32

11.3

Question 33

of all the factors affecting obesity, what is perhaps the most critical?

Answer 33

the relationship between activity and calorie intake

Question 34

what is one thing that makes determining activity levels through surveys difficult?

Answer 34

people surveyed overestimate their daily exercis e level and intensity