Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Endocrinology Y2 > Obesity and the Endocrine Control of Food Intake > Flashcards

Obesity and the Endocrine Control of Food Intake Flashcards

(58 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Where in the Brain is food intake regulated - SPECIFIC

A

Hypothalamus ARCUATE NUCLEUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What ables the ARCUATE NUCLEUS to regulate food intake

A

circumventricular region)- allows access to peripheral hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

2 neuronal populations in the arcuate nucleus?

A

Stimulatory (NPY/Agrp neuron)

Inhibitory (POMC neuron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Inhibitory neuronal population in the arcuate nucleus?

A

POMC neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Stimulatory neuronal population in the arcuate nucleus?

A

NPY/Agrp neuron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What hormonal inputs regulate food intake (3)

A

ghrelin, PYY, and normal leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What neuronal input regulates food intake

A

Vagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Hormones of the arcuate nucleus? (2)

A

Agrp and POMC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What stimulates hunger

A

You trigger hunger by the release of Agrp from the arcuate nucleus which is an endogenous antagonist of MC4R, this blocks the inhibitory signal of α-­‐MSH and stimulates food intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What receptor controls hunger in the PVN

A

MC4R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MC4R receptor is important in

A

hunger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why aren’t you hungry all the time

A

Under normal conditions, the POMC will be broken down to α‐MSH which is an endogenous agonist of the MC4R, which suppresses food intake

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MC4R stimulation impact on food intake?

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

MC4R inhibition impact on food intake?

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MC4R inhibitor?

A

NPY/Agpr neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

MC4R agonist?

A

Alpha-MSH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Alpha MSH is cleaved from

A

POMC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • No XXXXX mutations associated with appetite have been discovered
A

NPY/Agrp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
  • X deficiency and Y cause morbid obesity (X in the arcuate nucleus and y is PVN)
A

X POMC

Y MC4-R mutations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q
  • OB GENE CODES FOR X
A

LEPTIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What was observed in ob/ob mice (7)

A
  • Obese
  • Diabetic
  • Infertile
  • Stunted linear growth
  • Decreased body temperature
  • Decreased energy expenditure
  • Decreased immune function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What was missing in ob/ob mice

A

Leptin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where is leptin released from

A

white adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Leptin levels when low body fat?

25
Leptin levels when high body fat?
High
26
Physiological effect of leptin?
Inhibits feeding
27
Neuronal MoA of leptin?
- Activates POMC and inhibits NPY/Agrp neurons
28
- Leptin circulates in plasma concentrations proportional to XX
fat mass
29
Why is leptin ineffective as a weight loss pill?
Obese people tend to have leptin resistance
30
On who is leptin effective as a weight loss pill?
LEPTIN IS EFFECTIVE IN TREATING LEPTIN DEFICIENT CHILDREN AND ADULTS
31
How is leptin an anti-starvation hormone rather than an anti-obesity one
- Presence of leptin tells the brain that one has sufficient fat reserves, but it doesn’t stop you from wanting to eat
32
- Central administration of insulin of food intake?
- Central administration reduces food intake
33
Does insulin have receptors on the hypothalamus?
Yes
34
Central or peripheral administration of leptin will decrease X and increase Y
food intake | thermogenesis
35
Effect of leptin on puberty?
Lack of leptin means the hypothalamus doesn't release GnRH
36
Ghrelin is activated from its inactive form by ...
GHRELIN O-ACYLTRANSFERASE
37
Effect of ghrelin on arcuate nucleus neuronal populations?
- Stimulates NPY/Agrp neurons - Inhibits POMC neurons - Increases appetite
38
Ghrelin is secreted by...
The stomach
39
The stomach secretes what food intake controlling hormone
Ghrelin
40
What cells and where secrete PYY
enteroendocrine/L- cells in the distal small intestine and colon
41
What cells and where secrete GLP-1
enteroendocrine/L- cells in the distal small intestine and colon
42
enteroendocrine/L- cells in the distal small intestine and colon secrete what food intake controlling hormones (2)
PYY and GLP-1
43
Effect of PYY on arcuate nucleus neuronal populations?
- Inhibits NPY neurons | - Stimulates POMC neurons
44
Effect of ghrelin on food intake
Increases
45
Effect of PYY on food intake
Decreases appetite
46
Effect of GLP-1 on food intake?
reduces food intake (suppresses appetite)
47
GLP 1 stands for
Glucagon like peptide
48
When is GLP-1 released
Post prandially
49
When is PYY released
Post prandially
50
When is ghrelin released
High in morning, goes down after food and cycles
51
Effect of GLP-1? (2)
- Well characterised incretin role in stimulating glucose-stimulated insulin release and also reduces food intake (suppresses appetite)
52
What are GLP1 based drugs used to treat?
Diabetes mellitus
53
GLP1 in inactivated by ... 1/2 life?
by DPP‐4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4) | about a minute in circulation
54
What is Saxenda
Long‐acting GLP-1 receptor agonist
55
Example of a Long‐acting GLP-1 receptor agonist ?
Saxenda
56
Why is PYY not a good drug target?
Has a narrow therapeutic index. If you inject someone with PYY, you will get a big, transient increase in drug concentration and then a relatively rapid drop At high levels, it will cause nausea There is a relatively small sweet spot in terms of drug concentration that gives the effects that you want
57
What is the thrifty gene hypothesis
Specific genes selected for to increase metabolic efficiency and fat storage- BUT in an environment with plentiful food and low exercise these genes predispose to obesity/diabetes
58
What is the adaptive drift (drifty gene) hypothesis?
- Normal distribution of body weight; the fat are eaten, the thin starve This was probably true for humans originally - 10-20k yrs ago, humans learned to defend themselves - Thus obesity wasn’t selected against - Putting on body fat was then a neutral change (genetic drift) - In current context, the inheritors of these genes become obese

Endocrinology Y2 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions