OBHB - Module 4.1 Flashcards
What are isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms.
What are structural isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different structural formula.
What are chain isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different branches.
What are positional isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different haloalkane position.
What are functional group isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but a different functional group.
What are stereoisomers?
Compounds with the same molecular and structural formulae but a different arrangement in space.
What is E/Z isomerism?
Stereoisomerism around the double bond in an alkane.
What is cis/trans isomerism?
E/Z isomerism but when one of the atoms on each carbon is hydrogen.
What is the alkane functional group?
C-C
What is the alkene functional group?
C=C
What is the alcohol functional group?
-OH
What is the aldehyde functional group?
-CHO
What is the ketone functional group?
C-CO-C
What is the carboxylic acid functional group?
-COOH
What are the bond angles in alkanes?
109.5 degrees
What is the bond angle of the C-H bond around the double bond in an alkane?
120 degrees
What are sigma bonds?
Single bonds which can rotate, formed when s-orbitals overlap directly.
What are pi bonds?
Bonds which can rotate and are only found in double and triple bonds, formed when p-orbitals overlap sideways.
What is a radical?
A species with an unpaired electron.
When are radicals formed?
When UV light breaks apart a covalent bond in homolytic fission.
What are the three steps in free radical substitution?
Initiation, propagation, and termination.
Give the formula(e) for the initiation stage of free radical substitution.
Cl2 (+hf) —> 2Cl.
What does the ‘h’ mean in the formula for the initiation stage of free radical substitution?
Planck’s constant
What does the ‘f’ mean in the formula for the initiation stage of free radical substitution?
The frequency of radiation
