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PSY 30250 > Object Recognition > Flashcards

Object Recognition Flashcards

1
Q

Despite variability, what can we use to recognize that an object is the same one?

A

Perception and memory

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2
Q

What is visual agnosia?

A

The inability to recognize objects

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3
Q

How does a visual agnostic figure out what an object is?

A

Use of other senses and pathways to figure out what an object is

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4
Q

Why can visual agnostics recognize higher level objects?

A

They require semantic memory

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5
Q

What is the category specific deficit?

A

Not being able to recognize specific objects in category

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6
Q

What’s the difference between memory loss and agnosia?

A

People with agnosia can use other senses to recognize objects

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7
Q

What pathway is damaged in visual agnosia?

A

The “what” pathway

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8
Q

Where is the “What” pathway?

A

It is in the anterior temporal cortex, towards the bottom o f the brain

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9
Q

What is cellular evidence of the “what” pathway?

A

A single cell is selectively active to a cell and without the specificity, lose the cell activity

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10
Q

What is optic ataxia?

A

Unable to recognize the location or object

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11
Q

What is associative agnosia?

A

Unable to link perceptual information about an object with long term semantic memory about the object

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12
Q

What is apperceptive agnosia?

A

Unable to recognize an object due to perceptual problems (such as a different viewpoint)

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13
Q

What is the lateralization effect?

A

Apperceptive agnosia is more common with right hemi damage and associative agnosia is more common with left hemi

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14
Q

What does the right hemisphere focus on in representations?

A

Global representations

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15
Q

What is the unusual views test used to measure?

A

Apperceptive agnosia

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16
Q

Where is apperceptive agnosia damage?

A

In the right posterior of the brain

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17
Q

How does the hemispheric model of recognition work?

A

Visual analysis moves to perceptual categorization (right) and then to semantic categorization (left)

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18
Q

What is integrative agnosia?

A

Inability to synthesize a whole object (associative agnosia)

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19
Q

What kind of lesions lead to integrative agnosia?

A

Bilateral lesions

20
Q

What is object constancy?

A

The ability to recognize an object in many orientations and under various conditions

21
Q

What is the central debate in object recognition?

A

Whether perception depends on recognizing an object from a certain viewpoint

22
Q

What do view-dependent theories argue?

A

Object recognition depends on the vantage point and we have different representations for each vantage point

23
Q

What do view-invariant theories argue?

A

Recognition comes from basic properties that are inherent to the object and requires inference

24
Q

Which agnosia supports the view-dependent theory?

A

Apperceptive

25
Q

What is the repetition suppression effect?

A

We activate the same brain area less with more times of observation

26
Q

What is the most common example of category specificity in agnosia?

A

Living vs non-living things

27
Q

What’s one possible explanation for why an agnosics have a harder time recognizing living things?

A

There’s a secondary kinesthetic code for man-made objects

28
Q

What is capgras syndrome?

A

The ability to recognize a close relative by their face

29
Q

What is an explanation for why capgras syndrome occurs?

A

The wire between the emotional limbic system and the visual system is cut off

30
Q

What is the hierarchical coding hypothesis?

A

Individual cells respond to high level shapes (face selective cells)

31
Q

What is the ensemble coding hypothesis?

A

Ensembles of cells are needed to code for high level shapes

32
Q

What is a gnostic unit?

A

A neuron that responds to a specific complex object

33
Q

How does the hierarchy of the coding hypothesis work?

A

Each neuron corresponds to an increasingly more complex part of the object

34
Q

How does the ensemble coding hypothesis work?

A

Recognition of many simultaneous properties leads to a recognition of a face

35
Q

What part of the brain is used to recognize faces?

A

Fusiform gyrus

36
Q

What is visual prosopagnosia?

A

The inability to recognize faces

37
Q

How does prosopagnosia differ from agnosia?

A

Damage in slightly different brain region

38
Q

Where does most damage seem to be in visual prosopagnosia?

A

The right FFA

39
Q

Where is the fusiform located?

A

In the bottom right portion of the brain

40
Q

What area is more activated in recognizing faces?

A

The right FFA

41
Q

When is the N170 larger?

A

In looking at faces

42
Q

What did the right/left anesthetizing experiment show?

A

The right FFA is important for face recognition and self recognition

43
Q

What is the parahippocampal place area?

A

The PPA is used to identify places and is located very close to the FFA

44
Q

What is Farah’s two process model for object recognition?

A

Recognition is based on either a holistic analysis or an analysis by parts depending on what kind of object it is

45
Q

Who was patient KC?

A

A patient with integrative agnosia that was not able to recognize objects but was able to recognize faces

46
Q

What kind of processing is required for faces?

A

Global - we can recognize a face much better when the whole is presented

47
Q

What is the scrambled faces experiment?

A

When faces are scrambled up, we don’t activate the FFA

PSY 30250 (4 decks)

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