Object Recognition

Question 1

Despite variability, what can we use to recognize that an object is the same one?

Answer 1

Perception and memory

Question 2

What is visual agnosia?

Answer 2

The inability to recognize objects

Question 3

How does a visual agnostic figure out what an object is?

Answer 3

Use of other senses and pathways to figure out what an object is

Question 4

Why can visual agnostics recognize higher level objects?

Answer 4

They require semantic memory

Question 5

What is the category specific deficit?

Answer 5

Not being able to recognize specific objects in category

Question 6

What’s the difference between memory loss and agnosia?

Answer 6

People with agnosia can use other senses to recognize objects

Question 7

What pathway is damaged in visual agnosia?

Answer 7

The “what” pathway

Question 8

Where is the “What” pathway?

Answer 8

It is in the anterior temporal cortex, towards the bottom o f the brain

Question 9

What is cellular evidence of the “what” pathway?

Answer 9

A single cell is selectively active to a cell and without the specificity, lose the cell activity

Question 10

What is optic ataxia?

Answer 10

Unable to recognize the location or object

Question 11

What is associative agnosia?

Answer 11

Unable to link perceptual information about an object with long term semantic memory about the object

Question 12

What is apperceptive agnosia?

Answer 12

Unable to recognize an object due to perceptual problems (such as a different viewpoint)

Question 13

What is the lateralization effect?

Answer 13

Apperceptive agnosia is more common with right hemi damage and associative agnosia is more common with left hemi

Question 14

What does the right hemisphere focus on in representations?

Answer 14

Global representations

Question 15

What is the unusual views test used to measure?

Answer 15

Apperceptive agnosia

Question 16

Where is apperceptive agnosia damage?

Answer 16

In the right posterior of the brain

Question 17

How does the hemispheric model of recognition work?

Answer 17

Visual analysis moves to perceptual categorization (right) and then to semantic categorization (left)

Question 18

What is integrative agnosia?

Answer 18

Inability to synthesize a whole object (associative agnosia)

Question 19

What kind of lesions lead to integrative agnosia?

Answer 19

Bilateral lesions

Question 20

What is object constancy?

Answer 20

The ability to recognize an object in many orientations and under various conditions

Question 21

What is the central debate in object recognition?

Answer 21

Whether perception depends on recognizing an object from a certain viewpoint

Question 22

What do view-dependent theories argue?

Answer 22

Object recognition depends on the vantage point and we have different representations for each vantage point

Question 23

What do view-invariant theories argue?

Answer 23

Recognition comes from basic properties that are inherent to the object and requires inference

Question 24

Which agnosia supports the view-dependent theory?

Answer 24

Apperceptive

Question 25

What is the repetition suppression effect?

Answer 25

We activate the same brain area less with more times of observation

Question 26

What is the most common example of category specificity in agnosia?

Answer 26

Living vs non-living things

Question 27

What's one possible explanation for why an agnosics have a harder time recognizing living things?

Answer 27

There's a secondary kinesthetic code for man-made objects

Question 28

What is capgras syndrome?

Answer 28

The ability to recognize a close relative by their face

Question 29

What is an explanation for why capgras syndrome occurs?

Answer 29

The wire between the emotional limbic system and the visual system is cut off

Question 30

What is the hierarchical coding hypothesis?

Answer 30

Individual cells respond to high level shapes (face selective cells)

Question 31

What is the ensemble coding hypothesis?

Answer 31

Ensembles of cells are needed to code for high level shapes

Question 32

What is a gnostic unit?

Answer 32

A neuron that responds to a specific complex object

Question 33

How does the hierarchy of the coding hypothesis work?

Answer 33

Each neuron corresponds to an increasingly more complex part of the object

Question 34

How does the ensemble coding hypothesis work?

Answer 34

Recognition of many simultaneous properties leads to a recognition of a face

Question 35

What part of the brain is used to recognize faces?

Answer 35

Fusiform gyrus

Question 36

What is visual prosopagnosia?

Answer 36

The inability to recognize faces

Question 37

How does prosopagnosia differ from agnosia?

Answer 37

Damage in slightly different brain region

Question 38

Where does most damage seem to be in visual prosopagnosia?

Answer 38

The right FFA

Question 39

Where is the fusiform located?

Answer 39

In the bottom right portion of the brain

Question 40

What area is more activated in recognizing faces?

Answer 40

The right FFA

Question 41

When is the N170 larger?

Answer 41

In looking at faces

Question 42

What did the right/left anesthetizing experiment show?

Answer 42

The right FFA is important for face recognition and self recognition

Question 43

What is the parahippocampal place area?

Answer 43

The PPA is used to identify places and is located very close to the FFA

Question 44

What is Farah's two process model for object recognition?

Answer 44

Recognition is based on either a holistic analysis or an analysis by parts depending on what kind of object it is

Question 45

Who was patient KC?

Answer 45

A patient with integrative agnosia that was not able to recognize objects but was able to recognize faces

Question 46

What kind of processing is required for faces?

Answer 46

Global - we can recognize a face much better when the whole is presented

Question 47

What is the scrambled faces experiment?

Answer 47

When faces are scrambled up, we don't activate the FFA