Objective 03: Safety Orientation, Education, Training

Question 1

What do supervisors and managers need to be trained in?

Answer 1

1. Safety Leadership
2. Communication
3. Coaching
4. Constructive Enforcement of Safety Programs

Question 2

Do contractors, temporary workers and visitors require health and safety training?

Answer 2

Yes

Question 3

How is contractor health and safety training ensured?

Answer 3

Procurement contracts include training requests and this aspect of contract compliance is audited

Question 4

How do many plants carry out health and safety training of contractors?

Answer 4

They provide safety orientation and training to all contract personnel before they are allowed to work on-site

Question 5

What are the stages of implementing an effective training program?

Answer 5

1. Analyze Needs
2. Assess Priorities
3. Design Training
4. Deliver Training
5. Reinforce Learnings
6. Evaluate Effectiveness
7. Continuous Improvement

Question 6

Which Needs are Analyzed for Health and Safety Training Program Implementation?

Answer 6

1. Competencies required of each position in the organization are established, i.e. what the person must know and what skills are required to properly and safely perform their duties
2. Any training requirements required by legislation or regulations like WHMIS are identified

Question 7

What is the single most important safety competency?

Answer 7

Competent plant operation

Question 8

How are Needs Analyzed for Health and Safety Training Program Implementation?

Answer 8

1. Reference is made to hazards and risks identified during the Risk Reduction Process
2. Task analysis, i.e. the systematic breaking down of a task into steps, is undertaken in order to establish the skills necessary and potential hazards of the task
3. Results of incident investigations and evidence of non-conformances with processes and procedures highlight training needs

Question 9

How much are employees entitled to know about the health and safety hazards they are exposed to?

Answer 9

As much as possible

Question 10

How do Employers decide who is in the greatest need of information and instruction and on what aspects vis-a-vis health and safety?

Answer 10

The highest priority for training is where the highest areas of risk occur and where training has been identified as a risk control

Question 11

How do employees help to set the health and safety training priorities?

Answer 11

1. What concerns them about their job
2. Have they had any near-miss incidents
3. Do they feel like they are taking risks

Question 12

What makes a training program effective?

Answer 12

1. Clear objectives
2. Means of assessing effectiveness
3. Relevance to the particular plant and its needs

Question 13

How is unnecessary training avoided?

Answer 13

Understanding the current level of competence

Question 14

What type of training material is attractive?

Answer 14

Professionally produced videos and other materials that attract the attention of and engage the participant

Question 15

What is wrong with using off-the-shelf materials in training?

Answer 15

It can bear little relevance to the operation

Question 16

If off-the-shelf material is used, what must immediately follow afterwards?

Answer 16

A discussion that uses specific plant examples to reinforce the learning

Question 17

What mechanisms are included in the training design?

Answer 17

1. Quizzes and demonstrations to check whether the knowledge has been acquired
2. Provision of relevant handout materials
3. Ways to reinforce the learning developed

Question 18

What are 3 methods used to Deliver Training?

Answer 18

1. Classroom
2. On-the-job
3. Computer based

Question 19

What is important to ensure for Classroom Training?

Answer 19

Trainer is competent and an effective training faciltator

Question 20

What makes an effective training facilitator?

Answer 20

1. Can engage in effective discussion
2. Can draw on real world experiences
3. Ideally a plant employee who is knowledgeable about the subject area

Question 21

When is On-the-Job Training particularly useful?

Answer 21

Where practical skills have to be learned

Question 22

What is important to ensure for On-the-Job Training?

Answer 22

That the person is trained correctly

Question 23

How is On-the-Job Training made more effective?

Answer 23

1. The correct way of performing the task is documented
2. The trainer receives coaching or instruction in effective methods
3. A check-off system is used to document that the trainee has properly performed the task

Question 24

Computer Based Training (CBT)

Answer 24

An interactive learning experience between the learner and a computer in which the computer provides the majority of the stimulus. The learner responds and the computer then analyzes the response and provides feedback to the learner

Question 25

What are some benefits of the Record Keeping Feature in Computer Based Training?

Answer 25

1. Save time 2. Maintains accurate training records 3. Diagnose training deficiencies

Question 26

Computer Based Training Advantages

Answer 26

1. Most cost effective way for companies that have facilities on a national or international scale (avoids high travel expense costs for trainer) 2. Very flexible in timing 3. Self-paced instructional program that allows for mastery of the material because time is not a constant

Question 27

Computer Based Training Disadvantages

Answer 27

1. Doesn't allow for real-time training | 2. Lacks face-to-face contact where questions can be asked and answered on the spot

Question 28

Why is Reinforced Learning necessary?

Answer 28

Research shows that learning is only achieved when the subject matter is repeated and reinforced over time

Question 29

What are some ways of Reinforcing Learning for Health and Safety?

Answer 29

1. Posters or other reminders that highlight key learning points 2. Follow-up quizzes that are returned to the trainer 3. Including topic on agenda of next shift safety meeting where it can be discussed in a smaller, more relaxed environment

Question 30

Why must the Effectiveness of the Health and Safety Training be Evaluated?

Answer 30

To know whether the training provided has achieved the desired outcome or whether it needs to be redesigned or its appropriateness as a risk control re-evaluated

Question 31

Why is Continuous Improvement in the Health and Safety Training Program necessary?

Answer 31

1. May not effectively deliver on objectives 2. New hazards may be identified 3. New methods may be introduced 4. New technology may become available

Question 32

What must new employees be trained in before starting work within the plant?

Answer 32

1. Nature of the hazards in the plant 2. Significance of the risk 3. Importance of PPE 4. Where they may or may not go 5. What they can and cannot do

Question 33

After the preliminary training, what training do new employees receive?

Answer 33

Over time as operational training progresses they are given either classroom or on-the job training as dictated by the overall plant training program and proper and safe performance of the task is always demonstrated before the trainee is authorized to perform the task on their own

Question 34

Why is periodic Health and Safety Training required?

Answer 34

1. To refresh memories 2. Teach new control methods 3. New training required by regulatory or industry standards

Question 35

What is often the most effective training method?

Answer 35

One-on-one training

Question 36

How is one-on-one training best performed?

Answer 36

1. Supervisor periodically spends some time watching an individual employee work 2. Then the supervisor meets with him to discuss safe work practices, bestow credit for safe work, and provide additional instruction to counteract any observed unsafe practices

Question 37

Should one-on-one training be restricted to only problematic employees?

Answer 37

No, it should be applied to all

Question 38

How is the Health and Safety Training Program evaluated?

Answer 38

1. Before training begins, observe employees and solicit their opinions to determine what areas need improvement. When training ends, test for improvement. Ask employees to explain their jobs' hazards, protective measures, and test new skills and knowledge 2. Keep track of employee attendance at training sessions 3. At the end of training, ask participants to rate the course and the trainer 4. Compare pre- and post-training injury and incident rates, near misses, and percent safe behaviour exhibited

Question 39

What is the utility of evaluating Health and Safety Training Programs?

Answer 39

Helps to determine whether the training has achieved its goal of improving the employees' safety performance