objective 10.1 (2)

Question 1

greater fluid, electrolyte and heat loss

Answer 1

body surface area

Question 2

increased- results in increased needs for protein and calories

Answer 2

basal metabolic rate

Question 3

results in nutritional deficiencies occur when oral intake limited

Answer 3

muscle/fat content smaller

Question 4

• Leading cause of accidental death between
  1 and 4 years of age
• Sometimes result of child abuse or neglect
• Most likely to occur in early morning house
  before parents awaken and after school

Answer 4

burns

Question 5

what are the types of burns?

Answer 5

thermal
chemical
electrical
radiation

Question 6

• Child should be assessed for entry and
  exit lesions
• Indicates path of electricity through
  the body
• Muscle damage can occur

Answer 6

electrical burn

Question 7

what does the severity of burns depend on?

Answer 7

a.Area… what location affected
b.Extent… % total body surface area
c.Depth… partial vs full thickness (extent of destruction of
the skin)

Question 8

only some of the skin layers damaged

Answer 8

partial thickness

Question 9

burns are deeper more extensive and may need grafting

Answer 9

full thickness

Question 10

superficial, epidermis layer only
skin is red but blanches on pressure
painful

Answer 10

1st degree

Question 11

what is the treatment for 1st degree burns?1

Answer 11

cold water
apply antimicrobial ointment

Question 12

• Partial Thickness
• Epidermis and some dermis affected
• Sweat glands and hair follicles remain intact
• Skin looks blistered, moist, pink or red ++ painful

Answer 12

second degree burn

Question 13

what is the treatment for second degree burns?

Answer 13

• Immerse in cold water
• Apply antimicrobial ointment (small areas), if large
  proceed to deep dermal treatment

Question 14

• Deep Partial Thickness
• Extends in the dermis- can become full
  thickness with infection, trauma, or lack of
  blood supply
• Skin looks mottled, red, or dull white blisters

Answer 14

second degree (deep dermal)

Question 15

what is the treatment of second degree deep dermal burns?

Answer 15

• Immerse in cold water
• Cover with sterile dressing or clean cloth to
  prevent contamination and decrease pain.
• Do not break blisters

Question 16

• Full thickness (Some muscle)
• Sub-dermal involves entire skin and all its structures
• Nerve endings, sweat glands, hair follicles are destroyed
• Skin looks tough, leathery, black, dry, does not blanch or
  refill
• Painless to touch – death of tissue

Answer 16

3rd degree

Question 17

• Bone and muscle
• All skin and nerve endings destroyed
• Appearance blood vessels and bone may be visible
• Necrosis occurs

Answer 17

4th degree

Question 18

what is the treatment for 3rd and 4th degree burns?

Answer 18

• Immerse in cold water to halt the burning
  process or roll in a blanket or sterile
  dressing
• Go straight to Emerg
• Skin graft may be warranted

Question 19

what are the 6 C’s of burn care?

Answer 19

1. Clothing
2. Cooling
3. Cleaning
4. Chemoprophylaxis
5. Covering
6. Comforting(pain relief)

Question 20

what is the emergency care of burns?

Answer 20

Stop the
burning
process
Evaluate the
injury
Cover the
burn
Transport to
hospital

Question 21

what is nursing care of the burned child?

Answer 21

• Hospitalization
• Protective Isolation
• All instruments that come into contact must be sterile
• Assess for infection
• Assess for pain analgesic prior to dressing changes
• Frequent feedings high in protein, calories and iron are
  prescribed
• Emotional support

Question 22

what is emergency care for burns?

Answer 22

Establish an Airway
Cyanosis, singed nasal hair, charred
lips, and stridor are indications that
flames may have been inhaled
An endotracheal tube may be
inserted to protect the airway
Establish an intravenous line
Obtain blood and other body fluids for
laboratory testing
A nasogastric tube may be inserted to
empty stomach and prevent
complications