objective 10.4 (2)

Question 1

what are the S&S of cardiovascular conditions in children?

Answer 1

◦Failure to thrive , poor weight gain
◦Cyanosis (not always a sign with congenital heart disease)
◦Pallor
◦Observable pulsation in neck
◦Dyspnea
◦Tachypnea
◦Clubbing of fingers
◦Fatigue feeding & activity
◦Excessive perspiration, especially over forehead

Question 2

Occurs in approximately 8 out of
1000 births
50% of these infants show
signs/symptoms within the
first year of life
Can be caused by genetic,
maternal, or environmental factors
Not a problem for the fetus
because of the fetal-
maternal circulation
At birth, the infant’s circulatory
system must take over and provide
the child’s oxygen

Answer 2

congenital heart disease

Question 3

what are the 2 categories of congenital heart disease

Answer 3

cyanotic
acyanotic

Question 4

Abnormal opening between the right and
left atria
Prognosis= excellent
Oxygenated blood forced from left atrium
back to right
Most kids asymptomatic
Treatment= surgical repair with patch,
aspirin for 6 months post repair

Answer 4

atrial septal defect (ASD)

Question 5

Abnormal opening between Right & Left Ventricles
Most common Heart anomaly
Loud, harsh murmur with a systolic thrill
Increase pressure in ventricles forces blood back
into the right ventricles
Can be mild or severe
Associated with other defects
Spontaneous closure or open heart surgery, if
done early good prognosis

Answer 5

ventricular septal defect (VSD)

Question 6

Also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Usually affects children under 5 years of age
Causes Inflammation of the vessels in the CV system
Inflammation weakens the vessels = aneurysm = thrombi (serious
complications)
Not spread from person to person

Answer 6

Kawasaki disease

Question 7

what are the S&S of kawasaki disease?

Answer 7

Onset is abrupt with a sustained
fever
As high as 104° F (40° C)
Does not respond to
antipyretics or antibiotics
Fever lasts for more than 5
days
Conjunctivitis without discharge
A “strawberry tongue”
Enlarged nontender lymph
nodes
Erythematous skin rash
develops
Swollen hands and
desquamation (peeling) of the
palms and soles
Child is very irritable
May develop signs of cardiac