Obrien -Abdominal radiography Flashcards
(85 cards)
In which projection does the diaphragm appear as a 3 domed structure in dogs, DV OR VD?
VD
-appears flattened on DV view in dogs
- in cats is flat on both projections
Which of the following is NOT a sub lumbar muscle?
A) Psoas major
B) Psoas minor
C) Iliopsoas
D) Quadratus lumborum
Answer = A
Where does the quadratus lumborum muscle insert?
Wing of the ilium
Left and right triangular ligaments of the liver connect _______ to _______.
Lateral lobes of liver to diaphragmatic crura
What are the atomic numbers (Z) of iodine & barium?
Iodine = 53
Barium = 56
What are 2 ddx for hepatomegaly, renomegaly, & peritoneal effusion in abdominal radiographs in a cat?
Lymphosarcoma or FIP
Which 5 cranial nerves are responsible for supplying the motor impulses necessary for normal swallowing?
CrN 5, 9, 10, 11, & 12
Which is the most frequent tumor of the pharyngeal region?
A) Thyroid carcinoma
B) Lymphoma
C) Tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
D) None of the above
Answer = C
T or F, in lateral contrast radiography of the esophagus, in dogs (compared to/different from cats) the terminal thoracic esophagus appears as cone with the apex in the oral direction?
False.
The cone appearance of the terminal esophagus is correct but this is seen in CATS not dogs
In cases of chronic esophagitis, the mucosal surfaces tend to be choose (smooth or rough) and _______-shaped with apex of the stenosis in a _____direction.
Smooth mucosal surface
Cone -shaped
Apex in aborad direction
Smudging or indistinctness of barium coating the esophagus may be suggestive of what condition?
Esophageal ulceration
In an esophageal diverticulum, which portion of the wall is affected?
A) serosal
B) submucosal
C) muscularis
D) mucosal
Answer = D
An esophageal traction diverticulum tends to be localized, thick-walled & results from what?
Results from adhesion & contraction of the esophageal wall due to a periesophageal lesion (e.g. paraesophageal abscess)
An esophageal pulsion diverticulum is a result of what?
Pulsion diverticulum is a result of mucosal protrusion due to increased intraluminal pressure. (E.g. secondary to PRAA)
-Think Pulsion, Protrusion of mucosa, increased intraluminal Pressure
Weakness of the muscular layer may predispose to this type of diverticulum
T or F, there is usually a large pressure gradient between the stomach and terminal esophagus at the GE junction?
FALSE. Usually NOT a significant pressure gradient between
Fistula formation between the esophagus & respiratory tract (esophagotracheal, esophagobronchial, or esophagopulmonary) results from _____?
Injury to esophageal wall secondary to the presence of a foreign body.
Terminology depends on the level of communication with the respiratory tract
Which of the following is NOT a function of gastrin?
A) Stimulates gastric acid & pepsin secretion
B) Growth of gastric mucosa
C) Contraction of pyloric sphincter
D) muscular contraction of stomach
Answer = C
Which of the following is NOT a function of gastrin?
A) Stimulates gastric acid & pepsin secretion
B) Growth of gastric mucosa
C) Contraction of pyloric sphincter
D) muscular contraction of stomach
Answer = C
Describe what causes Zollinger-Ellison syndrome & what are the C/S associated with this condition?
Results from excessive gastrin secretion (caused by multiple endocrine adenomas)
-Rugal thickening, ulceration mainly duodenal, diarrhea, & steatorrhea
Enlargement of the ______lobes of the liver displaces the pylorus caudally.
Right lobes displace pylorus caudally.
Left liver lobe enlargement displaces the fundus/body caudally.
The diameter of the fundus & proximal body of a normal canine stomach on RLR should be _______ intercostal spaces in width & approximately ____times as wide as the pyloric portion.
Should be < 3 ICS
2x as wide as pylorus
Describe the most common direction of rotation and movement of the canine stomach during a GDV?
Clockwise rotation
In a typical 180° torsion, the pylorus/ proximal duodenum first move VENTRALLY then cranial to the body of the stomach. pylorus continues to migrate from right to left past midline (due to stretching of hepatoduodenal ligament, creating a fold in the stomach). The pylorus is then located DORSAL to the esophagus and gastric fundus on the LEFT side of the abdominal cavity
Which type of contrast agent should be considered for radiolucent gastric foreign bodies?
Negative contrast
Gastric mucosal erosion or ulceration produces what type of appearance with positive contrast administration?
Irregular, patchy barium coating
Normal appearance is a smooth, thin, uniformly dense layer of barium on the gastric wall