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Reproductive > Obs and Gyne > Flashcards

Obs and Gyne Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

What is the source of phospholipids in breastfed babies?

A

Membrane fragments

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2
Q

Mention folic acid antagonists and their effects

A 
Trimethoprim and triamterene
Neural tube defects 
Cardiovascular defects
Oral clefts
Urinary tract defects
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3
Q

Mention complications of oral isoretinoin?

A

Hydrocephalus + cerebellar abnormalities + cns malformations+neuronal brain migration+severe intellectual disability + seizures+
Microtia with or without atresia of ear canal
Dysmorphic features

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4
Q

Phenytoin causes ??

A

Dysmorphic features
Nail hypoplasia
Heart defects

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5
Q

Ebstein anomaly caused by?

A

Lithium

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6
Q

Cmv rubella and toxo all cause?

A

Microcephaly and Intellectual disability

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7
Q

Misoprostol causes

A

Fetal death and vascular disruption (terminal transverse limb defects)

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8
Q

How to stage puberty in girls

A

Breast rather than publc hair

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9
Q

Stage puberty in males ?

A

Penile length and testicular volume by palpating

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10
Q

McCune Albright syndrome is؟

A

Polypstoic fibrous dysplasia
Cafe au lait spots
Precocious puberty

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11
Q

Mention inhibitory peptides

A 
Progesterone 
Relaxin
Calcitonin gene related peptide
Parathyroid hormone related peptide
Nitric oxide 
Adrenomedullin 
Vasoactive intestinal peptide
Prostacyclin (PGI-2)
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12
Q

Phase one of labour characteristic by?

A

When term approaches- uterotropins like estrogen activate uterus
Increased of Contraction-associate- protein like
Oxytocin and prostaglandins
Activating ion channels
Increase in connexin 43(gap junction) = electrical synchrony

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13
Q

Stimulatory phase is by

A

Uterotonic agonists like

Prostaglandins F2 alpha and E2 and oxytocin

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14
Q

Involution of uterus mediated primarily by?

A

Oxytocin

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15
Q

Why humans for sure differ than sheeps in initiating labour?

A

Because human placenta lacks glocucorticoid inducible 17 alpha hydroxylase 17, 20 lyase enzyme essential for the process

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16
Q

Why does availability of free intracellular calcium is a key modulator of myometrial contractility?

A

Because phosphorylation of myosin light chain by kinase depends on calcium/calmodulin enzyme

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17
Q

Activation of beta adrenergic / pgE2 receptors is via

A

Gas adenyl cyclise/cAMp transduction pathway

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18
Q

Oxytocin receptors couple to?

A

Gaq/Gai/phospholipase C
Causing increase in inositol- 1,4,5 triphosphate which releases Ca from sarcoplasmic reticulum
And 1,2 diacylglycerol that activates protein kinase

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19
Q

How is it known that labour is caused by downregulation of pathways?

A

Gas levels gets low before labour

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20
Q

Is myometrial cells contracting neural?

A

No! Have sparse innervation regulation of contraction is humoral and on intrinsic factor

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21
Q

What is the effect of indomethacin on labour?

Study These Flashcards
A

Stop contractility

Prolong gestation

22
Q

What causes cervical repenning?

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A

Cervical softening by degradation of collagen by prostaglandin F2 alpha

23
Q

Phases of sexual response cycle

Study These Flashcards
A

Excitement
Plateau
Orgasm
Resolution

24
Q

Do men and women experience same sexuality cycle?

Study These Flashcards
A

Same phases but different timing it is highly unlikely that reach orgasm at same time
And intensity and response varies from one person to another

25
Characteristics of excitement
``` Clitoris and labia minora swells and penis erect Scrotum tightens as testis enlarges Women breast become fuller Nipples harden and erect Heart rate increase and flushing Vaginal lubrication ```
26
Characteristics of plateau phase?
Vaginal wala becomes dark purple as blood flow continues to increase Clitoris highly sensitive and retracts under the clitoral hood to avoid direct stimulation by penis Muscle spasm reach face hand and feet Muscle tension increases
27
Orgasm characteristics
Sudden release of sexual tension Involuntary muscle contraction Vagina and uterus goes under rhythmic contractions Sex flush all over the body Rhythmic contracts in men at base of penis ejaculate semen Rapid intake of oxygen
28
Difference in orgasm of males and female
Females multiple and can have rapid return while men need recovery time called refaractory period can't reach orgasm in it
29
Refractory period increases with?
Age
30
Decrease estrogen in perimenopausal women caused
Reduced vulvovaginal lubricant And vasocongestion Also vaginal atrophy And pain in sex Decreasing libido
31
What does high doses of exogenous androgens do to females
Positive effect on female sexuality
32
Erection is first triggered by?
Neurological signals then it's hormonal
33
Thoracolumbar erection center located at ?
T-11 to L-2
34
Difference between psychogenic election and reflex erecting?
Psycho trigger by neural impulse like visual auditory stimuli unlike reflex is by tactile stimulating to penis or genital area
35
Reflex arc activates?
Sacral erecting center from S2-S4
36
Mans early sexual life erecting is more of
Psychogenic
37
How amino acids and vitamins pas
Active transportation
38
How glucose pass?
Facilitated diffusion
39
Immunoglobulin pass through?
Pincytosis
40
Why does insulin and parathormone does not pass?
High MW
41
Exposure to teratogens in days 10-14 may result in?
Cell death!
42
Blocking of metabolic processes is the mechanism of action of?
Thioureas and iodides
43
Congenital anomalies that comes with IDDM?
Spina bifida Congenital heart disease Focal femoral hypoplasia Caudal regression
44
Maternal PKU causes
ID Congenital heart disease Microcephaly
45
List maternal autoimmune diseases and effect on baby?
SLE ,,, heart block Myasthenia Gracie ,,, transient neonatal myasthenia Graves' disease ,, neonatal thyrotoxicosis ITP ,,, neonatal thrombocytopenia
46
Increased maternal core temperature by 2,5 in the first trimester fro 24 hours causes
Neural tube defects?
47
Other findings of high maternal temperature
Microcephalic ID Hypo/hyper tonia Seizures
48
What increase the risk of neural tube defects?
Folic antagonists like trimethoprium and triametrene
49
Why statins are contraindicated?
Congenital heart disease CNS malformations LIMB MALFORMATIONS!!!
50
Ace inhibitors causes
Renal and skull defects
51
Diethylstillbesterol causes
Cervical cancer in female progeny

Reproductive (6 decks)

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