observation Flashcards
research methods and techniques (14 cards)
what is a structured observation
an observation with guided, specific behaviours, which are found through coding frames
what is an unstructured observation
an observation with no guide to the specific behaviours
what is a coding frame
behaviours which are operationalised in an observation, so observers know what they are looking for
what is a naturalistic observation
an observation done in the participants natural environment
what is a controlled observation
an observation done in a controlled setting away from the participants natural environment, such as a lab
what is a participant observation
an observation in which the researcher is involved in those being observed
what is a non-participant observation
an observation where the researcher is looking in from the outside
what is an overt observation
an observation in which participants know they are being observed
what is a covert observation
an observation in which participants do not know they are being observed
what is time sampling
where time is broken up and records of behaviour are made in intervals
what is event sampling
where behaviour is recorded without intervals
what is one-zero sampling
after a record is made for one behaviour, that record of that behaviour is no longer made
what is instantaneous scan sampling
no records made until the end of the time sampling
what is predominant activity sampling
observation is continuous and an estimate is made in relation to the activity being occupied the most in time intervals
